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The environmental pollutant cadmium induces homeostasis alteration in muscle cells in vitro

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Abstract

Background

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal widely distributed throughout the environment as a result of contamination from a variety of sources. It exerts toxic effects in many tissues but scarce data are present as yet on potential effects on skeletal muscle tissue.

Aim

To evaluate the potential alteration induced by Cd in skeletal muscle cells.

Materials and methods

C2C12 skeletal muscle cells were treated with Cd at different times of cellular differentiation and gene expression was evaluated.

Results

Exposure to Cd decreased significantly p21 mRNA expression and strongly up-regulated cyclin D1 mRNA expression in committed cells and in differentiated myotubes. Moreover, myogenin, fast MyHC-IIb and slow MyHC-I mRNAs expression were also significantly decreased both in committed cells and in myotubes. Moreover, Cd exposure induced a strong increase of Pax3, Pax7 and Myf5 mRNAs expression and stimulated an up-regulation of IL6 and TNF-α proinflammatory cytokines.

Conclusion

These data lead to hypothesize that environmental Cd exposure might trigger an injury-like event in muscle tissue, possibly by an estrogen receptor-mediated mechanism.

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Abbreviations

Cd:

Cadmium

CdCl2 :

Cadmium chloride

MyHC:

Myosin heavy chain

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Acknowledgments

FW is supported by an ELI-Lilly grant. LiSa laboratories are a Jont-Venture between Eli Lilly Firenze and Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Sapienza University of Rome. SM is grateful to prof. Fabio Pigozzi for his support. FW is kindly supported by an ELI Lilly fellowship. Research was funded by PRIN 2011 052013 to SM, Project PON01_00829 (by MIUR, Ministry of Economic Development and European Community) to AL, PRIN 07 2013 to FB.

Conflict of interest

The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza L. de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy

    V. Papa, F. Wannenes, C. Crescioli, D. Caporossi, S. Migliaccio & L. Di Luigi

  2. LiSa Laboratories, Policlinico Universitario, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

    F. Wannenes

  3. Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University “Sapienza”, Viale Del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy

    A. Lenzi

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  1. V. Papa
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  2. F. Wannenes
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  3. C. Crescioli
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  4. D. Caporossi
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  5. A. Lenzi
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  6. S. Migliaccio
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  7. L. Di Luigi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Migliaccio.

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Papa, V., Wannenes, F., Crescioli, C. et al. The environmental pollutant cadmium induces homeostasis alteration in muscle cells in vitro. J Endocrinol Invest 37, 1073–1080 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-014-0145-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-014-0145-y

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