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Clinical study of exercise on improvement of β-cell function and insulin resistance in non-diabetic young offsprings of diabetic patients

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Abstract

Background

Previous studies have shown that exercise could improve β-cell function in humans or animal models of type 2 diabetes. However, whether it can prevent the progression of pre-diabetes to diabetes remains unclear.

Aim

To study the effects of exercise on glycolipid metabolism, β-cell function, and insulin resistance in the non-diabetic young offsprings of diabetic patients.

Methods

One hundred and eighty-two normal glucose tolerance young offsprings of type 2 diabetic parents were enrolled. Individuals with fasting insulin ≥12.0 mU/L were assigned to hyperinsulinemia group (n = 72) and those with fasting insulin <12.0 mU/L were assigned to normal group (n = 110). The subjects in hyperinsulinemia group received 12-week exercise intervention. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and insulin release test were conducted before and after intervention. The area under curve of glucose (AUCglu), area under curve of insulin (AUCINS), HOMA insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), HOMA β-cell function (HOMA-β), and early insulin secretion index (ΔI 30/ΔG 30) were calculated. Body composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Results

At baseline, AUCINS and HOMA-β in hyperinsulinemia group were significantly higher compared with the normal group (P < 0.05). After the 12-week exercise intervention, no significant changes in blood pressure, body mass index, blood glucose, serum lipids, and percentage of body fat were found in hyperinsulinemia group; however, AUCINS, HOMA-β, HOMA-IR (P < 0.05) and ΔI 30/ΔG 30 (P < 0.01) were significantly decreased.

Conclusions

Exercise is effective for preventing pre-diabetic insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in non-diabetic young offsprings of diabetic patients.

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Abbreviations

AUCglu :

Area under curve of glucose

AUCINS :

Area under curve of insulin

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

BMI:

Body mass index

DBP:

Diastolic blood pressure

FPG:

Fasting plasma glucose

FINS:

Fasting insulin

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

HOMA:

Homeostatic model assessment

HOMA-IR:

HOMA insulin resistance index

HOMA-β:

HOMA β-cell function

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

SEM:

Standard error of the mean

SBP:

Systolic blood pressure

TC:

Total cholesterol

TG:

Triglyceride

T2DM:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Conflict of interest

The authors Xuemei Yu, Peihong Chen, Hongtao Wang, Hua Jin, Weina Jia, and Lingyan Wang declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology, Fengxian Central Hospital, No. 9588 Nanfeng Road, Nanqiao, Fengxian, Shanghai, 201400, China

    X. Yu, P. Chen, H. Wang, H. Jin, W. Jia & L. Wang

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Correspondence to X. Yu.

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Yu, X., Chen, P., Wang, H. et al. Clinical study of exercise on improvement of β-cell function and insulin resistance in non-diabetic young offsprings of diabetic patients. J Endocrinol Invest 37, 353–358 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-013-0033-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-013-0033-x

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