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Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Benzodiazepine Prescriptions for Anxiety in US Emergency Departments

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities volume 10, pages 334–342 (2023)Cite this article

Abstract 

Background/Objectives

Benzodiazepines are commonly used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. White patients are more likely to receive a benzodiazepine prescription than non-White patients in different medical settings. Racial-ethnic disparities have also been found in prescription of opioids from the emergency room. It is not known whether racial disparities in benzodiazepine prescriptions exist at the emergency department level. This study aims to analyze the relationship between benzodiazepine prescriptions for anxiety in an emergency department setting.

Design

Data for this cross-sectional study was obtained from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) Years 2009–2018. Patients ≥ 18 years of age presenting to the emergency department with anxiety were identified. Adjusted survey logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the patient characteristics and receipt of benzodiazepines.

Results

This study analyzed 1,174,556,119 emergency department (ED) visits out of which 2.8% had a diagnosis of anxiety disorder. Prevalence of anxiety was higher in the following groups: females, younger age range (18–34 years old), and non-Hispanic (NH) White. Rates of benzodiazepine prescription for patients with anxiety were higher for NH-White and Hispanic patients at 29% and 28% respectively than for NH-Black and NH-Other (24% and 21% respectively). Compared to NH-White patients, NH-Black patients were 36% less likely to be prescribed a benzodiazepine (prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.54–0.76) and Hispanic patients were 19% less likely to be prescribed a benzodiazepine (PR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.68–0.96). Age, sex, or type of insurance did not show a statistically significant influence in the prescription of benzodiazepines.

Conclusions

These findings reveal that NH-Black and Hispanic patients with anxiety are significantly less likely to be prescribed benzodiazepines than their NH-White counterparts in the ED. Further studies are needed to determine the root causes of these health disparities and strategies to combat them.

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Funding

Research funding support was provided by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Health Resources and Services Administration for Baylor College of Medicine Center of Excellence in Health Equity, Training, and Research (Grant No.: D34HP31024).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM 350, Houston, TX, 77030-3411, USA

    Jose Ribas Roca, Tara Everett, Deepa Dongarwar & Hamisu M. Salihu

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  1. Jose Ribas Roca
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  2. Tara Everett
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  3. Deepa Dongarwar
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  4. Hamisu M. Salihu
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Correspondence to Jose Ribas Roca.

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Ribas Roca, J., Everett, T., Dongarwar, D. et al. Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Benzodiazepine Prescriptions for Anxiety in US Emergency Departments. J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 10, 334–342 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-021-01224-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-021-01224-z

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