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Exploring Racial Disparities in Physical Activity and Quality of Life Through an Expectancy-Value Perspective

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities volume 6, pages 973–980 (2019)Cite this article

Abstract

Objectives

Alleviating racial/ethnic disparities in physical activity (PA) and health outcomes during childhood becomes an important public health priority as the nation’s populace continues to diversify. Guided by expectancy-value model, the purposes of this study were (a) to examine the potential differences in expectancy-value beliefs, PA and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between African-American (AA) children and their American-Caucasian (AC) peers, and (b) to determine how the relationships among these variables might differ between the two racial groups.

Method

Participants were 321 (152 boys; 189 AC) children from three schools who completed a previously validated questionnaire assessing their expectancy-value beliefs in physical education, leisure-time PA (PAQ-C), and HRQOL.

Results

Students’ PA was positively associated with HRQOL among AC and AA children (p < .01). AA children had significant higher expectancy-value beliefs but lower HRQOL than AC children. The regression results revealed that both racial groups had a nearly identical effect of expectancy beliefs on their self-reported PA (β = .34 in AA group, β = .33 in AC group, respectively). The regression analysis also suggests that expectancy-value belief was a significant predictor of HRQOL while controlling for all other variables (β = .36; p < .001) for the AC group, but not the AA group.

Conclusions

The growing health disparities across racial/ethnic subgroups are of great public health concern. Thus, this study provided valuable insights regarding how to promote AA children’s PA and HRQOL through an expectancy-value approach.

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Affiliations

  1. University of Texas at Arlington, 500 W. Nedderman Dr., Arlington, TX, 76019, USA

    Xiangli Gu, Jing Wang, Xiaoxia Zhang, Larry Nelson & Kyrah Brown

  2. University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #310769, Denton, TX, 76203, USA

    Tao Zhang

  3. University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, 2420 Nicolet Drive, Green Bay, WI, 54311, USA

    Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu

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  1. Xiangli Gu
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  2. Tao Zhang
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Correspondence to Xiangli Gu.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Gu, X., Zhang, T., Chu, T.L.(. et al. Exploring Racial Disparities in Physical Activity and Quality of Life Through an Expectancy-Value Perspective. J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 6, 973–980 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-019-00598-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-019-00598-5

Keywords

  • Heath disparity
  • African-Americans
  • Motivation
  • Mental health
  • Physical activity