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Depressive Symptoms During Adolescence Predict Adulthood Obesity Among Black Females

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Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Aim

This study aimed to investigate gender differences in the association between baseline depressive symptoms and subsequent changes in obesity in a sample of urban Black youth in the USA.

Methods

The current study followed 681 Black youth (335 male and 346 female) for up to 18 years from 1994 to 2012. All youth were selected from an economically disadvantaged urban area in MI, USA. The main independent variable was baseline depressive symptoms measured in 1994. The main outcome was change in body mass index (BMI) from 1999 to 2012, calculated based on self-reported height and weight. Scio-demographics (age, number of parents in the household, and parental employment) were covariates. Gender was the focal moderator. We used linear regressions to test the predictive role of baseline depressive symptoms on change in BMI (from 1999 to 2012) in the pooled sample, and also based on gender.

Results

Among Black females, but not Black males, baseline depressive symptoms predicted the BMI change from 1999 to 2012. The association remained significant for Black females after controlling for covariates.

Conclusion

High depressive symptoms at baseline better predict BMI change over the next decade for female than male Black youth. As a result, detection and reduction of depressive symptoms may be a vital element of obesity prevention programs for Black females. Policies and programs that address determinants of psychological distress as a strategy to prevent obesity among female Black youth in disadvantaged neighborhoods may be especially useful.

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Funding

This study was funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) (grant number DA07484) to Marc Zimmerman (the principle investigator). Shervin Assari receives financial supported from the Heinz C. Prechter Bipolar Research Fund and the Richard Tam Foundation at the University of Michigan Depression Center. Shervin Assari is also supported by the Michigan Nutrition Research Obesity Center (MNORC; grant number: P30 DK089503) funded by the National Institute for Health (NIH).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2700, USA

    Shervin Assari

  2. Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Shervin Assari & Cleopatra Howard Caldwell

  3. Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 2846 SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA

    Cleopatra Howard Caldwell & Marc A. Zimmerman

  4. Prevention Research Center, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Marc A. Zimmerman

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  1. Shervin Assari
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  2. Cleopatra Howard Caldwell
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  3. Marc A. Zimmerman
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Contributions

This analysis was designed and performed by Shervin Assari, who also drafted the manuscript. Marc Zimmerman designed the main study, acquired the data, and contributed to all drafts of this manuscript. Cleopatra Caldwell was a coinvestigator of the main cohort and contributed to the drafts of the current paper. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shervin Assari.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Informed consent was obtained from all parents included in the study. Participants signed assent.

Ethical Approval

All procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Assari, S., Caldwell, C.H. & Zimmerman, M.A. Depressive Symptoms During Adolescence Predict Adulthood Obesity Among Black Females. J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 5, 774–781 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-017-0422-5

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