Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Developing “a Way of Being”: Deliberate Approaches to Professional Identity Formation in Medical Education

  • In Depth Article: Commentary
  • Published:
Academic Psychiatry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

References

  1. Irby DM, Cooke M, O’Brien BC. Calls for reform of medical education by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching: 1910 and 2010. Acad Med. 2010;85(2):220–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Goldie J. The formation of professional identity in medical students: considerations for educators. Med Teach. 2012;34(9):e641–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Armstrong GA, Kofman A, Sharpless JJ, Anthony D, Wald HS. Bringing our whole person to whole person care: fostering reflective capacity with interactive reflective writing in health professions education. Workshop presented at 1st International Congress on Whole Person Care. Canada: Montreal, Quebec; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Brigham T, Barden C, Dopp AL, Hengerer A, Kaplan J, Malone B, et al. A journey to construct an all-encompassing conceptual model of factors affecting clinician well-being and resilience. Natl Acad Med Perspect. 2018;8. https://doi.org/10.31478/201801b.

  5. Shanafelt TD, Sloan JA, Habermann TM. The well-being of physicians. Am J Med. 2003;114(6):513–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Dyrbye LN, Thomas MR, Massie FS, Power DV, Eacker A, Harper W, et al. Burnout and suicidal ideation among U.S. medical students. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(5):334–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Dyrbye LN, Thomas MR, Power DV, Durning S, Moutier C, Massie FS Jr, et al. Burnout and serious thoughts of dropping out of medical school: a multi-institutional study. Acad Med. 2010;85(1):94–102.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Merton RK, Reader GG, Kendall PL, editors. The student physician: introductory studies in the sociology of medical education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Rabow MW, Remen RN, Parmelee DX, Inui TS. Professional formation: extending medicine’s lineage of service into the next century. Acad Med. 2010;85(2):310–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Jarvis-Selinger S, Pratt DD, Regehr G. Competency is not enough: integrating identity formation into the medical education discourse. Acad Med. 2012;87(9):1185–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Cruess RL, Cruess SR, Boudreau JD, Snell L, Steinert Y. Reframing medical education to support professional identity formation. Acad Med. 2014;89(11):1446–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Holden MD, Buck E, Luk J, Ambriz F, Boisaubin EV, Clark MA, et al. Professional identity formation: creating a longitudinal framework through TIME (Transformation in Medical Education). Acad Med. 2015;90(6):761–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Vignoles VL, Schwartz SJ, Luyckx K. Toward an integrative view of identity. In: Schwartz SJ, Luyckx K, Vignoles VL, editors. Handbook of identity theory and research. New York: Springer; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Moll LC. L.S. Vygotsky and education. London: Cambridge University Press; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lave J, Wenger E. Situated learning: legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Erikson EH. The life cycle completed. New York: Norton; 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  17. “socialization, n.1.” OED Online, Oxford University Press, December 2018, http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/183747. Accessed 12 December 2018.

  18. Hafferty F. Professionalism and the socialization of medical students. In: Cruess R, Cruess S, Steinert Y, editors. Teaching medical professionalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2008. p. 53–70.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Cruess RL, Cruess SR, Boudreau JD, Snell L, Steinert Y. A schematic representation of the professional identity formation and socialization of medical students and residents: a guide for medical educators. Acad Med. 2015;90(6):718–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Mann K, Gordon J, MacLeod A. Reflection and reflective practice in health professions education: a systematic review. Adv Health Sci Educ. 2009;14(4):595–621.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Frost HD, Regehr G. “I am a doctor”: negotiating the discourses of standardization and diversity in professional identity construction. Acad Med. 2013;88(10):1570–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Albarracin D, Wyer RS Jr. The cognitive impact of past behavior: influences on beliefs, attitudes, and future behavioral decisions. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000;79(1):5–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Bebeau MJ. Evidence based character development. In: Kenny NP, Shelton W, editors. Lost virtue: professional character development in medical education. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd; 2006. p. 47–87.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Cruess RL, Cruess SR, Steinert Y. Amending Miller’s pyramid to include professional identity formation. Acad Med. 2016;91(2):180–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Wald HS. Professional identity (trans)formation in medical education: reflection, relationship, resilience. Acad Med. 2015;90(6):701–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Gofton W, Regehr G. What we don’t know we are teaching: unveiling the hidden curriculum. Clin Orthop Relat R. 2006;449:20–7.

    Google Scholar 

  27. McCann CM, Beddoe E, McCormick K, Huggard P, Kedge S, Adamson C, et al. Resilience in the health professions: a review of recent literature. Int J Wellbeing. 2013;3(1):60–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Epstein RM, Krasner MS. Physician resilience: what it means, why it matters, and how to promote it. Acad Med. 2013;88(3):301–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Mavor KI, McNeill KG, Anderson K, Kerr A, O’Reilly E, Platow MJ. Beyond prevalence to process: the role of self and identity in medical student well-being. Med Educ. 2014;48(4):351–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Langendyk V, Hegazi I, Cowin L, Johnson M, Wilson I. Imagining alternative professional identities: reconfiguring professional boundaries between nursing students and medical students. Acad Med. 2015;90(6):732–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Cohen JJ. Viewpoint: linking professionalism to humanism: what it means, why it matters. Acad Med. 2007;82(11):1029–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Pepper JR, Jaggar SI, Mason MJ, Finney SJ, Dusmet M. Schwartz rounds: reviving compassion in modern healthcare. J Roy Soc Med. 2012;105(3):94–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Constance Baldwin for her thoughtful review of this manuscript.

Disclosure

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Richard J. Iuli.

Ethics declarations

No IRB or ethical examination is indicated for this commentary.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chandran, L., Iuli, R.J., Strano-Paul, L. et al. Developing “a Way of Being”: Deliberate Approaches to Professional Identity Formation in Medical Education. Acad Psychiatry 43, 521–527 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-019-01048-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-019-01048-4

Navigation