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Therapeutic Strategies to Ameliorate Antibiotic Resistance and Host-Inflammation Response in Sepsis: an Innovative Approach

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Sepsis is a clinical condition with a dysregulated immune system majorly attributed to bacteremia. The contrivances underlying this disorder are essential to understand for an early and precise diagnosis. To tackle the burden of challenges like antibiotic resistance and complications of other co-existing metabolic disorders like cancer and diabetes which contribute to an ever-increasing sepsis-related mortality, innovative strategies need to be explored.

Recent Findings

An accurate diagnosis, empirical antibiotic use, and supportive therapy are required for sepsis, preceding which the initial identification of the survival mechanism adopted by the causal pathogen also becomes crucial for strategizing the treatment. In-depth assessments of quinquennial studies available in literature put forth a panel of secreted host-inflammatory cytokines and immune markers that are a prerequisite, to be assessed and then targeted to regulate the host-response mechanism adopted during sepsis. New therapeutic strategies, like drug repurposing for sepsis, immunotherapy, and phytotherapy, can aid in a better management of sepsis; hence, they need to be explored in preclinical and clinical trials. A detailed analysis of lab-based studies on tacking antibiotic-resistant bacteria indicates that phytomolecules can serve as a powerful tool to ameliorate antibiotic resistance and resolve cellular inflammation.

Summary

This review has led us to propose combination therapy as a novel, effective approach whereby potential phytomolecules can be clubbed with available antibiotic arsenal for use as an adjunct in sepsis treatment, for better clinical outcomes.

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Abbreviations

ARBs :

Antibiotic resistance breakers

LMICs :

Low-middle-income countries

NK cells :

Natural killer cells

PAMPs :

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns

DAMPs :

Damage-associated molecular patterns

ROS :

Reactive oxygen species

CRP :

C-reactive protein

PCT :

Procalcitonin

AML :

Acute myeloid leukemia

TNF-α :

Tumor necrosis factor

IL :

Interleukins

MDR :

Multidrug resistant

CD :

Cluster of differentiation

NF-κB :

Nuclear factor kappa B

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, M.P., 462026, India

    Parkhi Shrivastava & Ragini Gothalwal

  2. Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal, M.P., 462038, India

    Puneet Gandhi

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  1. Parkhi Shrivastava
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Acquisition and analysis of data, writing the original draft, and the artwork were done by Parkhi Shrivastava. Reviewing the manuscript and preparing the final draft were done by Ragini Gothalwal. Conceptualization of idea and creation of model, analysis/interpretation of data, writing and editing the manuscript, and supervision of the work were done by Puneet Gandhi. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Puneet Gandhi.

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Shrivastava, P., Gothalwal, R. & Gandhi, P. Therapeutic Strategies to Ameliorate Antibiotic Resistance and Host-Inflammation Response in Sepsis: an Innovative Approach. Curr Clin Micro Rpt 10, 85–98 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40588-023-00194-6

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