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Reovirus: Friend and Foe

  • Virology (A Nicola, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) is a powerful tool for studying viral replication and pathogenesis. Most reovirus infections are subclinical; however, recent work has catapulted reovirus into the clinical spotlight.

Recent Findings

Owing to its capacity to kill cancer cells more efficiently than normal cells, reovirus is under development as a therapeutic for a variety of cancers. New efforts have focused on genetically engineering of reovirus to increase its oncolytic capacity, and determining how reovirus potentiates immunotherapy. Other recent studies highlight a potential role for reovirus in celiac disease (CeD). Using mouse models of CeD, reovirus caused loss of oral tolerance to dietary antigens, opening the possibility that reovirus could trigger CeD in humans.

Summary

We will focus on new developments in reovirus oncolysis and studies suggesting a role for reovirus as a trigger for celiac disease (CeD) that makes reovirus a potential friend and foe to human health.

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Funding

This work was supported by Public Health Award R01 AI118801 (to K.W.B.). Additional support was provided by the Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Inflammatory Response (P20 GM103625).

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  1. Michael R. Eledge and Marcelle Dina Zita contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA

    Michael R. Eledge, Marcelle Dina Zita & Karl W. Boehme

  2. Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Inflammatory Responses, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Dr. #511, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA

    Karl W. Boehme

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  1. Michael R. Eledge
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Correspondence to Karl W. Boehme.

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Eledge, M.R., Zita, M.D. & Boehme, K.W. Reovirus: Friend and Foe. Curr Clin Micro Rpt 6, 132–138 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40588-019-00121-8

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