Abstract
Fretting wear damage of high-strength titanium fasteners has caused a large number of disastrous accidents. Traditionally, it is believed that both high strength and excellent ductility can reduce fretting wear damage. However, whether strength and ductility are contradictory or not and their appropriate matching strategy under the external applied normal stress (Fw) are still confusing problems. Here, by analyzing the subsurface-microstructure deformation mechanism of several samples containing various α precipitate features, for the first time, we design strategies to improve fretting damage resistance under different matching relation between Fw and the tensile strength of materials (Rm). It is found that when Fw is greater than Rm or Fw is nearly equivalent to Rm, the deformation mechanism mainly manifests as serious grain fragmentation of β and αGB constituents. Homogeneous deformation in large areas only reduces damage to a limited extent. It is crucial to improve the strength to resist cracking and wear, but it is of little significance to improve the ductility. However, when Fw is far less than Rm, coordinated deformation ability reflected by ductility plays a more important role. The deformation mechanism mainly manifests as localized deformation of β and αGB constituents (kinking induced by twinning and spheroidizing). A unique composite structure of nano-grained/lamellar layer and localized deformation transition layer reduces fretting damage by five times compared with a single nano-grained layer. Only when the strength is great enough, improving the plasticity can reduce wear. This study can provide a principle for designing fretting damage resistant alloys.
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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52105211), the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing of NPU, China (Grant No. 2023-TS-04), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China Grant (No. 3102019JC001).
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Yanlin TONG. She received her bachelor degree in School of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern Polytechnical University, China, in 2021. From 2021 to 2024, she is a master candidate in the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing and the Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials at Northwestern Polytechnical University. Her research interests include titanium alloys and fretting wear.
Ke HUA. He received his Ph.D. degree in materials science and engineering from University of Lorraine, France, in 2019. Then he joined the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing and the Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials at Northwestern Polytechnical University from 2019 as an associate professor. His research areas cover design, fabrication and characterization of high-performance and wear-resistant materials and coatings, and fretting wear and surface strengthening of titanium alloys, etc.
Haifeng WANG. He received his Ph.D. degree in material processing engineering from Northwestern Polytechnical University, China, in 2010. He joined the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing at Northwestern Polytechnical University from 2010 and the Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials from 2017. Professor Haifeng WANG worked as a fellow of Alexander von Humboldt Foundation during 2011–2013, and a visiting scholar during 2014–2015 in Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum at Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt. His research areas cover metal-based and ceramic based wear resistance and lubrication materials, non-equilibrium theory of solidification and solid-state phase-transformation, and preparation of non-equilibrium materials including bulk metallic glass and its composite, etc.
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Subsurface deformation mechanism and the interplay relationship between strength–ductility and fretting wear resistance during fretting of a high-strength titanium alloy
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Tong, Y., Hua, K., Xie, H. et al. Subsurface deformation mechanism and the interplay relationship between strength-ductility and fretting wear resistance during fretting of a high-strength titanium alloy. Friction 12, 2259–2280 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0870-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0870-y