Abstract
The transient tribological phenomenon and premature lubricant breakdown have been widely observed in metal forming, leading to excessive friction at the contact interfaces. In this research, the transient tribological behaviour of a two-phase lubricant were studied under complex loading conditions, featuring abrupt interfacial temperature, contact load, and sliding speed changes, thus representing the severe interfacial conditions observed in warm/hot metal forming applications. The strong experimental evidence indicates that the evolution of friction was attributed to the physical diminution and chemical decomposition effects. As such, a visco-mechanochemical interactive friction model was developed to accurately predict the transient tribological behaviour of the two-phase lubricant under complex loading conditions. The new friction model exhibited close agreements between the modelling and experimental results.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the China Scholarship Council (CSC) with Grant No. 201706230235. CSC is national institution that supports Chinese students to participate in overseas M.S. and Ph.D. programs. In addition, the strong support from the Institute of Automation, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, for this funded research is much appreciated.
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Xiao YANG. She is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Imperial College London, UK. She received her M.S. degree in the Institute of Forming Technology and Equipment, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, in 2017. Her current research focuses on friction characterisation and interfacial behaviours in hot/warm metal forming processes.
Lemeng ZHANG. She is studying for a M.S. degree in mechanical engineering at Imperial College London, UK. She obtained her B.S. degree in 2020 from University College London, UK. Her current research focuses on the development of an autonomous laboratory system to study the friction and lubricant breakdown during hot metal forming.
Denis J. POLITIS. He is a Lecturer and head of the Manufacturing and Materials Modelling laboratory in the Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering at the University of Cyprus. He has more than 10 years research experience in sheet metal forming and forging technologies. He has worked on numerous research projects in collaboration with industrial companies that have been sponsored by European FP7 and H2020 grants.
Jie ZHANG. He received his M.S. degree in tribology and surface engineering from thr China University of Geosciences (Beijing) in 2007. He subsequently joined the Tribology Group in Imperial College London as a Ph.D. student and completed in 2011. Since 2013 he started to work in the same group as a research associate on different projects. His main research areas cover boundary lubrication, wear, lubricant additives, elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHD), micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS), zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), mechanochemistry, and atmospheric Tribology.
Mohammad M. GHARBI. He is an Europe, Middle East, Africa (EMEA) business development manager for the Hot and Warm Forming/Forging Technologies at Quaker Houghton. He has broad technical expertise from managing operations to negotiating complex transformation projects across all forming technologies, hot forming and forging lubricants market in Europe, Russia, North America, and Asia.
I David LEYVRAZ. He is a R&D Metallurgy Scientist at Novelis. His expertise is mainly on the high-strength aluminium alloy development for automotive applications, both on the production process (rolling, forming) and the in-service properties (crash).
Liliang WANG. He is the head of Metal Forming and Modelling Group at Imperial College London. His major research interests include the design and development of advanced metal forming technologies and manufacturing system. His work has made fundamental contributions to the characterization and modelling of materials and interfacial behaviours of engineering materials.
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Yang, X., Zhang, L., Politis, D.J. et al. Experimental and modelling studies of the transient tribological behaviour of a two-phase lubricant under complex loading conditions. Friction 10, 911–926 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-021-0542-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-021-0542-0
Keywords
- visco-mechanochemical interactive friction model
- complex loading conditions
- transient tribological behaviours
- two-phase lubricant