Abstract
Paper-based friction materials are porous materials that exhibit anisotropy; they exhibit random pore sizes and quantities during their preparation, thereby rendering the control of their pore structure difficult. Composites with different pore structures are obtained by introducing chemical foaming technology during their preparation to regulate their pore structure and investigate the effect of pore structure on the properties of paper-based friction materials. The results indicate that the skeleton density, total pore area, average pore diameter, and porosity of the materials increase after chemical foaming treatment, showing a more open pore structure. The addition of an organic chemical foaming agent improves the curing degree of the matrix significantly. Consequently, the thermal stability of the materials improves significantly, and the hardness and elastic modulus of the matrix increase by 73.7% and 49.4%, respectively. The dynamic friction coefficient increases and the wear rate is reduced considerably after optimizing the pore structure. The wear rate, in particular, decreases by 47.7% from 2.83 × 10−8 to 1.48 × 10−8 cm3/J as the foaming agent content increases. Most importantly, this study provides an effective method to regulate the pore structure of wet friction materials, which is conducive to achieving the desired tribological properties.
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51872176 and 52172102), the Shaanxi Key Industry Innovation Chain Project (No. 2021ZDLGY14-04), the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shaanxi Province (No. 2019JC-32), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. G2020KY05130).
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Chang LI. He received his M.S. degree in material science in 2021 from Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China. After then, he is now a Ph.D. student in the School of Materials of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China. His research interest is fiber reinforced resin-based friction materials.
Jie FEI. He received his Ph.D. degree in 2009 from Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China. He is now working as a full professor at Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China. His research interests are carbon fiber reinforced resin-based friction materials and carbon-based composites.
Enzhi ZHOU. He received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Tiangong University, Tianjin, China. He is studying for a M.S. degree at Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China. His research focuses on high-performance paper-based friction materials, new fabric-reinforced resin-based friction materials, and friction and wear mechanisms of composite materials.
Rui LU. She received her M.S. degree in 2021 from Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China. Her research mainly focuses on the friction and wear properties between friction materials and alumina dual under wet braking condition. She is now working as a quality engineer in a semiconductor company.
Xiaohang CAI. He received his B.S. degree in 2015 from Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China. He is studying for a M.S. degree at Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China. His research focuses on carbon fiber reinforced resin-based friction materials and tribological properties wear mechanism at low temperatures.
Yewei FU. He received his Ph.D. degree in materials science in 2005 from Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China. He has overcome many key technologies in the research of advanced preparation technology for high-performance paper-based friction materials.
Hejun LI. He received his Ph.D. degree in plastic processing from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1991. After that, he joined the School of Materials at Northwestern Poly-technical University. From 2002 to 2016, he served as the dean of Materials College of Northwestern Polytechnical University. In 2019, he was elected as the Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the Asia Pacific Academy of Materials. His research interests are advanced carbon/carbon composites, paper-based friction materials, and nanomaterials.
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Li, C., Fei, J., Zhou, E. et al. Optimization of pore structure and wet tribological properties of paper-based friction materials using chemical foaming technology. Friction 10, 1317–1334 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-021-0537-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-021-0537-x