Abstract
The nanofrictional behavior of non-halogentated phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) mixed with diethylene glycol dibutyl ether in the molar ratios of 1:10 and 1:70 was investigated on the titanium (Ti) substrate using atomic force microscopy (AFM). A significant reduction is observed in the friction coefficient μ for the IL-oil mixtures with a higher IL concentration (1:10, μ ∼ 0.05), compared to that for the lower concentration 1:70 (μ ∼ 0.1). AFM approaching force-distance curves and number density profiles for IL-oil mixtures with a higher concentration revealed that the IL preferred to accumulate at the surface forming IL-rich layered structures. The ordered IL-rich layers formed on the titanium surface facilitated the reduction of the nanoscale friction by preventing direct surface-to-surface contact. However, the ordered IL layers disappeared in the case of lower concentration, resulting in an incomplete boundary layers, because the ions were displaced by molecules of the oil during sliding and revealed to be less efficient in friction reduction.
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Acknowldgements
We are grateful to the support from Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20191289), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21838004, 21606131, and 21676137), and the financial support from Instrument & Equipment Open Funding of Nanjing University of Science and Technology. The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (Grant No. EM16-0013) is also gratefully acknowledged for the financial support.
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Xiuhua QIU. He received his bachelor degree in materials science in 2017 from Henan Polytechnic University, China. He joined Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, at Nanjing University of Science and Technology, as a master student since 2017. He is now focusing on the studies about the nanotribological behavior of ionic liquids.
Linghong LU. She received her master degree in engineering from Harbin Engineering University, China, in 2000, and Ph.D. degree in Science from Zhejiang University, China, in 2005. She joined the College of Chemical Engineering of Nanjing Tech University from 2005. Her current position is a professor. Her research areas cover molecular simulation, structural property of confined fluid, adsorption, separation, and electrode materials.
Zhenyu QU. He is a senior undergraduate student in Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China. His research interests include nanotribological properties of different functional materials and heterogeneously structured surfaces.
Jiongtao LIAO. He is a senior undergraduate student in Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China. His research interests include ionic liquids behavior at solid interfaces and nano-tribology.
Qi FAN. He is a senior undergraduate student in Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China. His research interests include the quantitative analysis of single molecular forces of charged surfaces with ionic liquids and lithium-sulfur batteries.
Faiz Ullah SHAH. He received his Ph.D. degree in Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden, in 2011. He joined Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, from 2011. His current position is an associate professor. His research areas cover the synthesis of ionic liquids and the applications, e.g., batteries, lubricants, and gas separation.
Wenling ZHANG. She received her Ph.D. degree from Inha University, Korea in 2015 and joined University of Alberta, Canada as a postdoc (2018–2019). She is currently a professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology. Her research interests focus on soft matters (electro/magneto-rheological phenomena) and nanotribology (adhesion, friction, and lubrication).
Rong AN. She received her Ph.D. degree in chemical engineering from Nanjing Tech University, China, in 2013. Then she worked as a postdoc researcher in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at North Carolina State University from 2013 to 2015. She joined Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, at Nanjing University of Science and Technology from 2015. Her current position is an associate professor. Her research interests include the nanotribology of ionic liquids at solid interfaces, liquid-solid interfacial phenomena, and gas separation, etc.
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Probing the nanofriction of non-halogenated phosphonium-based ionic liquid additives in glycol ether oil on titanium surface
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Qiu, X., Lu, L., Qu, Z. et al. Probing the nanofriction of non-halogenated phosphonium-based ionic liquid additives in glycol ether oil on titanium surface. Friction 10, 268–281 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-021-0486-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-021-0486-4