Abstract
Sum-frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy is a second-order nonlinear optical spectroscopy technique. Owing to its interfacial selectivity, SFG vibrational spectroscopy can provide interfacial molecular information, such as molecular orientations and order, which can be obtained directly, or molecular density, which can be acquired indirectly. Interfacial molecular behaviors are considered the basic factors for determining the tribological properties of surfaces. Therefore, owing to its ability to detect the molecular behavior in buried interfaces in situ and in real time, SFG vibrational spectroscopy has become one of the most appealing technologies for characterizing mechanisms at friction interfaces. This paper briefly introduces the development of SFG vibrational spectroscopy and the essential theoretical background, focusing on its application in friction and lubrication interfaces, including film-based, complex oil-based, and water-based lubricating systems. Real-time detection using SFG promotes the nondestructive investigation of molecular structures of friction interfaces in situ with submonolayer interface sensitivity, enabling the investigation of friction mechanisms. This review provides guidance on using SFG to conduct friction analysis, thereby widening the applicability of SFG vibrational spectroscopy.
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Acknowledgements
The authors appreciate the funding supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51705010, 51675297, and 51527901), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (3192003), the General Project of Science and Technology Plan from Beijing Educational Committee (KM201810005013), the Tribology Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tribology (STLEKF16A02, SKLTKF19B08), and the training program of Rixin talent and outstanding talent from Beijing University of Technology.
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Zhifeng LIU. He received his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from Northeastern University, Shenyang, China. He is the team leader of the Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Beijing University of Technology. His research interests include heavy-duty machine tool, superlubricity, robot, and assembly technology.
Mengmeng LIU. She received her B.S. degree from Applied Technology College of Soochow University, China. She is currently a graduate student at the Beijing University of Technology, China. Her research interests include superlubricity and the control of smart surface and interface.
Caixia ZHANG. She received her Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering in 2015 from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. After then, she joined Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology. Her research interests include biotribology, superlubricity, and surface and interface analysis.
Hongyan CHU. She received her Ph.D. degree in mechanical design and theory in 2003 from Beijing University of Technology. Now she works in the Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Beijing University of Technology. Her research interests include intelligent manufacturing technology, surface and friction characteristics, and contact dynamics of viscoelastic material.
Liran MA. She received her Ph.D. degree in 2010 in the Department of Precision Instrument and Mechanology from Tsinghua University, China. Following a postdoctoral period at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, she is now working as an associate professor in the State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University. Her interests in tribology have ranged from aqueous lubrication and hydration lubrication to the liquid/solid interface properties. She was elected as the Young Chang Jiang Scholar in 2015. Her current research interests are tribology and surface & interface science. She has published over 60 papers indexed by SCI.
Qiang CHENG. He is a professor at the Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Beijing University of Technology. He received his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering in 2009 from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. His research interests include wear modelling and validation, interface engineering, precision retaining ability design, etc.
Hongyun CAI. He received his B.S. degree from Anhui Agricultural University, China, in 2018. He is currently a graduate student at the Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Beijing University of Technology, China. His research interests include nanotribology and molecular dynamics simulation.
Junmin CHEN. He received his B.S. degree from the Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, China, in 2019. He is currently a graduate student at the Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Beijing University of Technology, China. His research interests include biotribology, superlubricity, surface and interface analysis, and triboelectric nanogenerator.
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Liu, Z., Liu, M., Zhang, C. et al. Applications of sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy in friction interface. Friction 10, 179–199 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0474-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0474-0