Abstract
A crosshead slipper-guide system, which bears a significant thrust force, is an essential friction pair in low-speed marine diesel engines. Owing to the low moving speed of the crosshead slipper during engine startup, it is difficult to form good hydrodynamic lubrication between the crosshead slipper and guide. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the crosshead slipper during engine startup is needed. In this study, a new transient tribo-dynamic model for a crosshead slipper during the engine startup process is presented. The model consists of a mixed lubrication model of the crosshead slipper-guide and dynamic models of the piston assembly, crosshead assembly, connecting rod, and crankshaft. The tribo-dynamic performances of the crosshead slipper during startup and under the rated conditions were simulated and compared. The results show that the tribo-dynamics of the crosshead slipper during the startup process are significantly different from those under the rated conditions. Some measures beneficial for the low friction of a crosshead slipper-guide under the rated conditions may significantly increase the friction loss of the crosshead slipper-guide system during the startup process.
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Abbreviations
- A 1,A 2 :
-
Lubricating area of slipper on thrust side and anti-thrust side
- a :
-
Vertical distance between the crosshead pin center and top of slipper
- b :
-
Vertical distance between the center of mass (COM) of slipper and top of slipper
- COM:
-
Abbreviation of “center of mass”
- C :
-
Slipper-guide nominal clearance
- e t,e b :
-
Eccentricities of slipper at the top and bottom ends
- e tp,e bp :
-
Eccentricities of piston skirt at the top and bottom ends
- F x :
-
Force of slipper from crosshead pin in X direction
- F y :
-
Force of slipper from crosshead pin in Y direction
- F c :
-
Total normal force acting on slipper from guide
- F cf :
-
Total friction force acting on slipper from guide
- F csx :
-
Force of connecting rod from crankshaft in X direction
- F csy :
-
Force of connecting rod from crankshaft in Y direction
- F ic1 :
-
Reciprocating inertial force of slipper
- F ic2 :
-
Transverse inertial force of slipper
- F icp1 :
-
Reciprocating inertial force of crosshead pin
- F icp2 :
-
Transverse inertial force of crosshead pin
- F ip1 :
-
Reciprocating inertial force of piston
- F ip2 :
-
Transverse inertial force of piston
- F irod1 :
-
Reciprocating inertial force of piston rod
- F irod2 :
-
Transverse inertial force of piston rod
- F icrx :
-
Connecting rod inertial force in X direction
- F icry :
-
Connecting rod inertial force in Y direction
- F p :
-
Total normal force acting on piston skirt from cylinder liner
- F pf :
-
Total friction force acting on piston skirt from cylinder liner
- F x1 :
-
Force of piston from bolt in X direction
- F x2 :
-
Force of piston rod from bolt in X direction
- F y1 :
-
Force of piston from bolt in Y direction
- F y2 f(x 1,y 1):
-
Force of piston rod from bolt in Y direction Profile of slipper
- G c :
-
Gravity of slipper
- G cp :
-
Gravity of crosshead pin
- G p :
-
Gravity of piston
- Grod :
-
Gravity of piston rod
- Gcr:
-
Gravity of connecting rod
- h c :
-
Oil film thickness of slipper
- I c :
-
Rotary inertia of slipper about its COM
- I p :
-
Rotary inertia of piston about its COM
- I cp :
-
Rotary inertia of crosshead pin about its COM
- I rod :
-
Rotary inertia of piston rod about its COM
- I cr :
-
Rotary inertia of connecting rod about its COM
- j :
-
Ratio of lst to lrt
- L :
-
Length of piston rod
- L 1 :
-
Vertical distance between COM of piston and top end of piston skirt
- L 2 :
-
COM of piston and bottom end of piston skirt
- L 3 :
-
Length of slipper
- l rt :
-
Length of connecting rod
- M 1 :
-
Moment of piston from bolt
- M 2 :
-
Moment of piston rod from bolt
- M c :
-
Moment of Fc about the crosshead pin center
- M ic :
-
Inertial moment of slipper
- M ip :
-
Inertial moment of piston
- M icp :
-
Inertial moment of crosshead pin
- M irod :
-
Inertial moment of piston rod
- m c :
-
Mass of slipper
- m p :
-
Mass of piston
- m cp :
-
Mass of crosshead pin
- m rod :
-
Mass of piston rod
- m cr :
-
Mass of connecting rod
- p :
-
Oil film pressure
- p c :
-
Contact pressure
- R :
-
Piston radius
- R c :
-
Crank radius
- R pin :
-
Crosshead pin radius
- \({\cal U} = {\dot Y_c}\) :
-
Longitudinal velocity of crosshead slipper
- w :
-
Half of the height of slipper
- x 1, y 1 :
-
Local coordinate system on the crosshead slipper
- X,Y:
-
Global coordinate system
- Yc :
-
Longitudinal displacement of crosshead assembly and piston assembly
- σ :
-
Composite roughness of slipper and guide
- θ :
-
Connecting rod angle
- φ :
-
Crack angle
- ϕ x,ϕ y :
-
Pressure flow factors
- ϕ c :
-
Contact factor
- ϕ s :
-
Shear flow factor
- ϕ f,ϕ fs,ϕ fp :
-
Shear stress factors
- μ :
-
Dynamic lubricant viscosity
- \(\omega = \dot \varphi \) :
-
Rotation speed of crankshaft
- γ p :
-
Attitude angle of piston
- μ f :
-
Friction coefficient of asperity contact
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the Research Project of High Technological Vessels: Development of Low Speed Marine Engines (Grant No. MC-201501-D01-03), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51875344). Professor Youbai Xie, the leader of our group, contributed significantly to this research, but preferred not to be named as an author because he had no time available to check the details of the manuscript. The authors would like to express their sincere appreciation to Professor Xie for his help.
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Rui LI. He received his bachelor degree in the School of Energy and Power Engineering in 2016 from Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China. After then, he is a Ph.D. student in the School of Mechanical Engineering at Shanghai Jiaotong University. His research interests include multibody dynamics, simulation, and testing technology for the tribological phenomenon of mechanical systems.
Xianghui MENG. Professor, obtained his bachelor degree and master degree in 1995 and 1999 from Xi’an Jiaotong University, and Ph.D. degree in 2006 from Shanghai Jiaotong University. He was invited to visit the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) during 2011–2012. His current position is a professor and doctorial supervisor at School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University. His interested research areas include the tribology of internal combustion engines, low friction design, and wear mechanism. He has presided many research projects and has published more than 50 papers on international engineering journals.
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Li, R., Meng, X., Dong, J. et al. Transient tribo-dynamic analysis of crosshead slipper in low-speed marine diesel engines during engine startup. Friction 9, 1504–1527 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0433-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0433-9