Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Menu
Find a journal Publish with us
Search
Cart
  1. Home
  2. Friction
  3. Article

Towards a unified classification of wear

  • Research Article
  • Open Access
  • Published: 14 November 2013
  • volume 1, pages 333–340 (2013)
Download PDF

You have full access to this open access article

Friction Aims and scope Submit manuscript
Towards a unified classification of wear
Download PDF
  • Michael Varenberg1 
  • 2224 Accesses

  • 44 Citations

  • 13 Altmetric

  • 1 Mention

  • Explore all metrics

  • Cite this article

Abstract

Since the beginning of the systematic study of wear, many classification schemes have been devised. However, though covering the whole field in sum, they stay only loosely connected to each other and do not build a complete general picture. To this end, here we try to combine and integrate existing approaches into a general simple scheme unifying known wear types into a consistent system. The suggested scheme is based on three classifying criterions answering the questions “why”, “how” and “where” and defining a 3-D space filled with the known wear types. The system can be used in teaching to introduce students to such complex phenomena as wear and also in engineering practice to guide wear mitigation initiatives.

Download to read the full article text

Use our pre-submission checklist

Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.

References

  1. Mayr E, Bock W J. Classifications and other ordering systems. J Zool Syst Evol Res40: 169–194 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Archard J F. Wear theory and mechanisms. In Wear Control Handbook. New York: ASME, 1980: 35–80.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Reti L, Ed. The Unknown Leonardo. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Czichos H. In Tribology: A System Approach to the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear. New York: Elsevier, 1978: 6–8.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Gates J D, Gore G J. Wear of metals: philosophies and practicalities. Mater Forum19: 53–89 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Hutchings I M. The challenge of wear. In Wear: Materials, Mechanisms and Practice. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2005: 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Rabinowicz E. In Friction and Wear of Materials. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1965: 109–111.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Archard J F, Hirst W. The wear of metals under unlubricated conditions. Proc Roy Soc A236: 397–410 (1956)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Burwell J T. Survey of possible wear mechanisms. Wear1: 119–141 (1957)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Kostetskii B I, Nosovskii I G, Karaulov A K, Bershadskii L I, Kostetskaya N B, Lyashko V A, Sagach M F. In The Surface Strength of Materials in Friction (in Russian). Kiev: Tekhnika, 1976: 36.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kostetskii B I. Structure and surface strength of materials in friction. Strength of Materials13: 359–368 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Czichos H. In Tribology: A System Approach to the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear. New York: Elsevier, 1978: 97–104.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Lim S C, Ashby M F. Wear-mechanism maps. Acta Metall35: 1–24 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Standard terminology relating to wear and erosion. ASTM G40-01, 2001.

  15. Varenberg M, Etsion I, Halperin G. Slip index: a new unified approach to fretting. Tribol Lett17: 569–573 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Courtney-Pratt J S, Eisner E. The effect of a tangential force on the contact of metallic bodies. Proc Roy Soc A238: 529–550 (1957)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Czichos H. In Tribology: A System Approach to the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear. New York: Elsevier, 1978: 87–97.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Rabinowicz E. In Friction and Wear of Materials. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1965: 71.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kostetskii B I, Nosovskii I G, Karaulov A K, Bershadskii L I, Kostetskaya N B, Lyashko V A, Sagach M F. In The Surface Strength of Materials in Friction (in Russian). Kiev: Tekhnika, 1976: 68–73.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Holmberg K, Laukkanen A. Wear models. In Handbook of Lubrication and Tribology, Volume II. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2012: 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Czichos H. In Tribology: a System Approach to the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear. New York: Elsevier, 1978: 123–126.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kato K. Classification of wear mechanisms/models. In Wear: Materials, Mechanisms and Practice. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2005: 9–20.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Mate C M. In Tribology on the Small Scale: A Bottom up Approach to Friction, Lubrication and Wear. New York: Oxford, 2008: 325–326.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Waterhouse R B. In Fretting Corrosion. Oxford: Pergamon, 1972: 5.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Vingsbo O, Soderberg S. On fretting maps. Wear126: 131–147 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Varenberg M, Halperin G, Etsion I. Different aspects of the role of wear debris in fretting wear. Wear252: 902–910 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Rabinowicz E. In Friction and Wear of Materials. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1965: 190–194.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Czichos H. In Tribology: A System Approach to the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear. New York: Elsevier, 1978: 105–112.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Mulhearn T O, Samuels L E. The abrasion of metals: a model of the process. Wear5: 478–498 (1962)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Tenenbaum M M. Resistance to Abrasive Wear (in Russian). Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1976: 73–76.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Hutchings I M. In Tribology: Friction and Wear of Engineering Materials. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992: 164–166.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Khruschov M M. Principles of abrasive wear. Wear28: 69–88 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Galperin [Halperin] G L. Study of ball-bearing lifespan in field-engine driveline (in Russian). PhD dissertation, Saratov State Agrarian University, 1971: 12–21.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Rabinowicz E. In Friction and Wear of Materials. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1965: 125–166.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Czichos H. In Tribology: A System Approach to the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear. New York: Elsevier, 1978: 119–123.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Garkunov D N. Tribotechnology (in Russian). Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1985: 188–192.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Hutchings I M. In Tribology: Friction and Wear of Engineering Materials. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992: 171–197.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Sundararajan G, Roy M. Solid particle erosion behaviour of metallic materials at room and elevated temperatures. Tribol Int30: 339–359 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Roy M, Ray K K, Sundararajan G. An analysis of the transition from metal erosion to oxide erosion. Wear217: 312–320 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Chiang K T. Hot gas erosion resistance of a vapor-deposited Cu-Cr coating. Surf Coat Tech114: 1–6 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Wang B J, Saka N. Spark erosion behavior of silver-based particulate composites. Wear195: 133–147 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Rabinowicz E. In Friction and Wear of Materials. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1965: 179–180.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion — IIT, Haifa, 32000, Israel

    Michael Varenberg

Authors
  1. Michael Varenberg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael Varenberg.

Additional information

This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com

Michael VARENBERG. He received his PhD degree in 2004 from Technion — Israel Institute of Technology. In 2007 he joined the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Technion, where he is currently an assistant professor and the head of Shamban & Microsystems Tribology Labs. His research interests are in friction and wear of engineering surfaces, micro/nano tribology, bionic tribology, tribological instrumentation, and contact mechanics.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Varenberg, M. Towards a unified classification of wear. Friction 1, 333–340 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-013-0027-x

Download citation

  • Received: 12 July 2013

  • Revised: 03 September 2013

  • Accepted: 26 September 2013

  • Published: 14 November 2013

  • Issue Date: December 2013

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-013-0027-x

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

Keywords

  • relative motion
  • energy dissipation
  • surface disturbance
  • surface state
  • surface damage
Use our pre-submission checklist

Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.

Advertisement

Search

Navigation

  • Find a journal
  • Publish with us

Discover content

  • Journals A-Z
  • Books A-Z

Publish with us

  • Publish your research
  • Open access publishing

Products and services

  • Our products
  • Librarians
  • Societies
  • Partners and advertisers

Our imprints

  • Springer
  • Nature Portfolio
  • BMC
  • Palgrave Macmillan
  • Apress
  • Your US state privacy rights
  • Accessibility statement
  • Terms and conditions
  • Privacy policy
  • Help and support

Not affiliated

Springer Nature

© 2023 Springer Nature