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Does a Dysbiotic Oral Microbiome Trigger the Risk of Chronic Inflammatory Disease?

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

This paper studies the different mechanisms that link oral dysbiosis and various inflammatory diseases.

Recent Findings

Oral bacteria have been found in atherosclerotic plaques. Experiments in mouse models have shown that after inoculation with Porphyromonas gingivalis, there is a higher brain barrier permeability. Fusobacterium nucleatum is present in higher amounts in patients with colorectal cancer than in healthy subjects. Porphyromonas gingivalis, along with other oral bacteria, has a strong capacity for peptide citrullination, which increases the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis.

Summary

Different epidemiological and experimental studies have indicated a positive correlation between a dysbiotic oral microbiome and a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease, colorectal cancer, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. Additionally, experimental studies of patients with inflammatory diseases have demonstrated that after periodontal treatment, their inflammatory conditions improved. These findings show that there is a strong link between the oral microbiome and the development of inflammatory diseases but that periodontal interventions could be beneficial in the treatment and management of the progression of these diseases.

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Author notes

  1. Manuel Macías-González and Ana Adell-Pérez contributed equally

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Spiral DNA Tech Corp, Spiral, Madrid, Spain

    Sofía Jiménez De Nunzio PhD(c)

  2. Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Spain

    Sofía Jiménez De Nunzio PhD(c), Caridad M. Arias Macías PhD, Marta Bruna Del Cojo PhD, Carlos Adell-Pérez DDS & Ana Adell-Pérez PhD

  3. Grupo de Fisiopatología Ósea, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Aplicada de La Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Spain

    Sergio Portal-Núñez PhD

  4. Medical Department of Vitaldent, Barcelona, Spain

    María Latorre Molina DDS

  5. Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de La Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain

    Manuel Macías-González PhD

  6. Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA)-Bionand Platform, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain

    Manuel Macías-González PhD

  7. Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

    Manuel Macías-González PhD

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Jiménez De Nunzio, S., Portal-Núñez, S., Arias Macías, C.M. et al. Does a Dysbiotic Oral Microbiome Trigger the Risk of Chronic Inflammatory Disease?. Curr Treat Options Allergy 10, 364–383 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40521-023-00355-4

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