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Ishii test for screening sarcopenia: performance in community-dwelling older adults

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Abstract

Background

Sarcopenia is associated with an increased likelihood of major adverse health outcomes. Therefore, screening and early and timely identification of sarcopenia are essential. EWGSOP2 (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People2) suggests Ishii screening test for formal-case findings. We aimed to define the diagnostic value of the Ishii screening test, which estimates the probability of sarcopenia using an equation-derived score based on three variables (age, grip strength, and calf circumference) in Turkish older adults.

Methods

Older adults aged >  = 60 who applied to a geriatric outpatient clinic were included in the study. The recommendation of the EWGSOP2 for the definition of sarcopenia was followed. The probability of sarcopenia was estimated by using a score chart of Ishii. Performance of Ishii screening test was analyzed by using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the area under the curve (AUC).

Results

We included 1635 patients with the mean age of 74.7 ± 7.0. The prevalence of probable sarcopenia was 11.9%. The prevalence of confirmed sarcopenia according to height2 was 0.7%. The prevalence of severe sarcopenia was 0.3% in total. Against diagnoses of probable sarcopenia, confirmed sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia, the sensitivity values of the Ishii screening test were 84%, 100%, and 100%; the specificity values were 86.1%, 83.9%, and 84.6%, respectively. PPV values were 44.9%, 4.2%, 2.1%; NPV were 97.6%, 100%, 100%, and the AUC values were 0.933, 0.961, and 0.959, respectively.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the Ishii screening test is a successful screening and maybe a candidate diagnostic test for sarcopenia.

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Acknowledgements

The related data has been previously presented as an abstract in 15th International Congress of the European Geriatric Medicine Society. (Abstracts of the 15th International Congress of the European Geriatric Medicine Society. Eur Geriatr Med 10, 262 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-019-00221-0)

Funding

No funds, grants, or other support was received.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Fatih, 34093, İstanbul, Turkey

    Tugba Erdogan, Nezahat Muge Catikkas, Cihan Kılıc, Mehmet Akif Karan & Gulistan Bahat

  2. Department of Public Health, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey

    Meryem Merve Oren

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  1. Tugba Erdogan
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  2. Nezahat Muge Catikkas
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  6. Gulistan Bahat
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. TE, GB contributed to study design, Tugba Erdogan, CK contributed to data collection, MMO performed the statistical analysis. TE and NMC contributed to writing the article and MAK, GB revised the paper critically for intellectual content and approved the final version.

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Correspondence to Gulistan Bahat.

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All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

The study was conducted according to guidelines in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved from the local ethic committee.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Written, informed consent was provided by all participants.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Erdogan, T., Catikkas, N.M., Oren, M.M. et al. Ishii test for screening sarcopenia: performance in community-dwelling older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 34, 785–791 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-021-01998-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-021-01998-6

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