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Influence of skeletal muscle mass and fat mass on the metabolic and inflammatory profile in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic overfat elderly

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Abstract

Background

Sarcopenic elderly present low muscle mass and strength, however, it is not clear if the inflammatory and metabolic profile is more related to low lean mass or high fat mass in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic overfat elderly.

Aim

To verify the difference in inflammatory and metabolic responses in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic overfat elderly and the relationship between these markers, body composition, and strength in this population.

Methods

Fifty-seven elderly were divided into two groups: sarcopenic (n = 30) and non-sarcopenic (n = 27). Body composition was evaluated with octopolar bioimpedance. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, cortisol, leptin, adiponectin, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were assessed. The handgrip test was used to evaluate strength.

Results

When comparing the inflammatory profile, sarcopenic individuals showed greater adiponectin concentration (p = 0.019), adiponectin/fat mass ratio (p < 0.001), adiponectin/visceral fat (p < 0.001), and higher PAI-1 (p = 0.019) than non-sarcopenic overfat elderly. After adjusting the inflammatory profile by skeletal muscle mass the significant differences between groups were maintained (p < 0.05) but no significant differences between groups were observed when adjusting by fat mass, despite a tendency to a significant difference for adiponectin concentration (p = 0.06). In addition, after adjusting leptin by fat mass there was a statistically significant lower concentration in the sarcopenic compared to non-sarcopenic overfat elderly.

Conclusion

Non-sarcopenic overfat elderly presented lower anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic responses than sarcopenic elderly. Furthermore, fat mass but not skeletal muscle mass seem to change these responses.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) for the financial support (Edital Universal Proc. No. 483966/2013-4).

Funding

This study was funded by the Edital Universal Proc. No. 483966/2013-4.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil

    Fabrício E. Rossi

  2. Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, School of Technology and Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil

    Fábio S. Lira

  3. Laboratory of Skeletal Muscle Assessment (LABSIM), Post-graduation Program in Movement Sciences, School of Technology and Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Roberto Simonsen, 305, CEP 19.060-900, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil

    Bruna S. A. Silva & Luis A. Gobbo

  4. Department of Physiotherapy, School of Technology and Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil

    Ana Paula C. F. Freire & Ercy M. C. Ramos

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  1. Fabrício E. Rossi
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  2. Fábio S. Lira
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  3. Bruna S. A. Silva
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  4. Ana Paula C. F. Freire
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  6. Luis A. Gobbo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luis A. Gobbo.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the São Paulo State University (Protocol nº: 15995113.8.0000.5402).

Informed consent

The present study complied with ethical standards and informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Rossi, F.E., Lira, F.S., Silva, B.S.A. et al. Influence of skeletal muscle mass and fat mass on the metabolic and inflammatory profile in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic overfat elderly. Aging Clin Exp Res 31, 629–635 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-018-1029-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-018-1029-3

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