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Surgical delay is a risk factor of delirium in hip fracture patients with mild–moderate cognitive impairment

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Abstract

Aim

To investigate the relationship between onset of delirium and time to surgery in hip fracture (HF) patients with a different degree of cognitive impairment.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of a prospective database of 939 older adults, aged ≥ 75 years admitted with a fragility HF. Subjects underwent a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment on admission, evaluating health status, prefracture functional status in basic and instrumental activities of daily living, and walking ability. According to the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire score, patients were stratified into three categories: cognitively healthy (0–2 errors), mildly to moderately impaired (3–7 errors) and severely impaired (8–10 errors). Time to surgery (from admission) was expressed as days. The occurrence of delirium was ascertained daily by Confusion Assessment Method.

Results

Two hundred ninety-two (31.1%) patients experienced delirium during in-hospital stay. They were older, with a higher degree of comorbidity and functional impairment compared to patients without delirium. In multivariate analysis, surgical delay resulted a significant independent risk factor for delirium (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.24), along with age, prefracture functional disability and cognitive impairment. When the analysis was performed accounting for the cognitive categories, surgical delay demonstrated to increase the risk of delirium only in the subcategory of mildly to moderately impaired patients, while no significant effect was demonstrated in patients cognitively healthy or severely impaired.

Conclusions

The study supports the concept that older adults with HF should undergo surgery quickly. Patients with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment should be primarily considered as the best target for interventions aiming to reduce time to surgery.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geriatric Unit, Department of Neuromotor Physiology and Rehabilitation, ASMN-IRCCS Hospital, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy

    Giulio Pioli & Chiara Bendini

  2. Rheumatology Unit, Department of Locomotor System, ASL003, Via del Giappone 5, 16011, Arenzano, Italy

    Andrea Giusti

  3. Orthopaedic Unit, Department of Neuromotor Physiology and Rehabilitation, ASMN-IRCCS Hospital, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy

    Paolo Pignedoli, Michele Cappa & Ettore Sabetta

  4. Anesthesiology Unit, ASMN-IRCCS Hospital, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy

    Enrico Iotti

  5. Geriatric Unit, Department of Biomedic Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Università 4, 41121, Modena, Italy

    Maria Alice Ferri & Eleonora Bergonzini

Authors
  1. Giulio Pioli
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  2. Chiara Bendini
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  3. Andrea Giusti
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  4. Paolo Pignedoli
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  6. Enrico Iotti
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  7. Maria Alice Ferri
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  8. Eleonora Bergonzini
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  9. Ettore Sabetta
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Contributions

Giulio Pioli: study concept and design, acquisition of subjects and data, analysis and interpretation of data, preparation and critical review of the manuscript. Andrea Giusti: interpretation of data, preparation and critical review of the manuscript. Chiara Bendini, Paolo Pignedoli, Michele Cappa, Enrico Iotti, Maria Alice Ferri, and Eleonora Bergonzini: acquisition of subjects and data, interpretation of data, preparation of the manuscript. Ettore Sabetta: study concept, acquisition of subjects and data, interpretation of data, preparation and critical review of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Giulio Pioli.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

The study was undertaken in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Provincial Ethic Committee (2017/DIRSC/0012).

Informed consent

All patients gave written informed consent for the use personal data for research aims.

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Pioli, G., Bendini, C., Giusti, A. et al. Surgical delay is a risk factor of delirium in hip fracture patients with mild–moderate cognitive impairment. Aging Clin Exp Res 31, 41–47 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-018-0985-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-018-0985-y

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