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VNTR polymorphisms of the IL-4 and IL-1RN genes and their relationship with frailty syndrome in Mexican community-dwelling elderly

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Abstract

Inflammation is a key event that is closely associated with the pathophysiology of frailty. The relationship of genetic polymorphisms into inflammatory cytokines with frailty remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between VNTR polymorphisms of the IL-4 and IL-1RN genes with the risk of frailty. We included a sample of 630 community-dwelling elderly aged 70 and older. Both IL-4 and IL-1RN VNTR polymorphisms were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Mean age was 77.7 years (SD = 6.0) and 52.5 % were women. The participants classified as frail were more likely to be older, had lower MMSE score (p < 0.001), and had more disability for IADL (p < 0.001) and ADL (p < 0.001). Genotypic and allelic frequencies for the IL-4 VNTR polymorphism did not show significant differences between study groups (p > 0.05). However, we just observed a significant difference in the allelic frequencies for the A2 allele of the IL-1RN VNTR polymorphism between frail and nonfrail groups (OR 1.84, 95 % CI 1.08–3.12, p = 0.02). In addition, we analyzed the combined effect of the IL-4 and IL-1RN VNTR polymorphisms and their possible association with frailty, where the combined IL-4 low–IL-1Ra high genotype was identified as a marker of risk to frailty syndrome (OR 7.86, 95 % CI 1.83–33.69, p = 0.006). Our results suggest that both A2 allele and the combined IL-4 low–IL-1Ra high genotype might be genetic markers of susceptibility to frailty in Mexican elderly.

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Acknowledgments

The authors greatly appreciate the participation in this study of Jesús Lázaro López-Vázquez, laboratory assistant.

Funding

This study was supported by the National Institute of Geriatrics under the Grant Agreement No. DI-PI-003/2012.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, México, D.F., Mexico

    Thalía Gabriela Pérez-Suárez, Luis Miguel Gutiérrez-Robledo, Mónica Escamilla-Tilch, Sara Torres-Castro, Mariana López-Ortega & Nora Magdalena Torres-Carrillo

  2. Departamento de Geriatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D.F., Mexico

    José Alberto Ávila-Funes

  3. Centre de Recherche Inserm, U897, 33076, Bordeaux, France

    José Alberto Ávila-Funes

  4. University Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France

    José Alberto Ávila-Funes

  5. Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

    José Luis Acosta

  6. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR)-Unidad Sinaloa, Blvd, Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes #250, Col. San Joachin, Mexico

    José Luis Acosta

  7. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada, No. 950, Puerta 7, Edificio Q, Primer Piso, Colonia Independencia, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

    Jorge Ramón Padilla-Gutiérrez, Norma Torres-Carrillo, José Francisco Muñoz-Valle & Nora Magdalena Torres-Carrillo

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  1. Thalía Gabriela Pérez-Suárez
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  2. Luis Miguel Gutiérrez-Robledo
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  5. Mónica Escamilla-Tilch
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  6. Jorge Ramón Padilla-Gutiérrez
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  7. Norma Torres-Carrillo
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  8. Sara Torres-Castro
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  9. Mariana López-Ortega
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  10. José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
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  11. Nora Magdalena Torres-Carrillo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nora Magdalena Torres-Carrillo.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the publication of this manuscript.

Ethical approval

The “Coyoacan Cohort” study protocol and the informed consent format were approved by the Ethical Committees of the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán” (INCMNSZ) and the Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP) of Mexico City. Likewise, the study protocol and informed written consent for genetic studies were approved by the Ethical and Research Committees of the Instituto Nacional de Geriatría of Mexico City, and the study was performed according to the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all the individual participants included in the study.

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Pérez-Suárez, T.G., Gutiérrez-Robledo, L.M., Ávila-Funes, J.A. et al. VNTR polymorphisms of the IL-4 and IL-1RN genes and their relationship with frailty syndrome in Mexican community-dwelling elderly. Aging Clin Exp Res 28, 823–832 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-015-0503-4

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