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Table 2 The logistic regression analysis’ results for weight status as dependent variables and ACEs, sex and socioeconomic status as predictors

From: Association of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with obesity and underweight in children

 

Unadjusted analyses*

Analyses adjusted for all other variables*

Underweight

Overweight

Obesity

Underweight

Overweight

Obesity

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Sex (Reference: boys)

1.58 (0.86–2.88

0.89 (0.54–1.45)

1.24 (0.55–2.79)

1.54 (0.78–3.02)

1.01 (0.60–1.69)

1.76 (0.67–4.62)

Place of residence (Reference: city > 100 thous. residents as the reference)

1.32 (0.86–2.04)

0.85 (0.54–1.34)

1.02 (0.51–2.03)

1.26 (0.77–2.06)

0.83 (0.51–1.35)

1.09 (0.45–2.61)

Parental subjective assessment of economic situation of a family (Reference: ‘good’)

0.88 (0.50–1.54)

1.40 (0.86–2.29)

1.46 (0.67–3.19

0.66 (0.34–1.30)

1.33 (0.77–2.32)

0.57 (0.22–1.50)

People per room

(Reference: ≤ 1 person/ room)

1.14 (0.77–1.69)

1.29 (0.93–1.78)

1.78 (1.05–3.01)

1.05 (0.64–1.70)

0.95 (0.65–1.38)

1.29 (0.67–2.48)

Education of mother (Reference: ‘higher education’)

0.94 (0.57–1.54)

1.51 (1.07–2.12)

4.02 (2.36–6.85)

1.12 (0.53–2.38)

1.01 (0.63–1.60)

4.02 (1.87–8.66)

Education of father (Reference: ‘higher education’)

0.74 (0.47–1.15)

1.78 (1.31–2.41)

2.54 (1.48–4.36)

0.75 (0.42–1.33)

1.60 (1.09–2.36)

1.10 (0.53–2.28)

At least 1 type of ACE (Reference: 0)

2.93 (1.56–5.52)

1.23 (0.75–2.01)

5.44 (1.99–14.87)

3.48 (1.70–7.10)

1.14 (0.66–1.99)

5.46 (1.80–16.56)

ACE score (Reference: 0)

      

 1

1.62 (0.82–3.24)

1.03 (0.56–1.88)

3.12 (0.84–11.57)

3.27 (1.44–7.41)

1.24 (0.63–2.43)

6.61 (2.05–21.37)

 2

1.14 (0.77–1.70)

1.00 (0.71–1.39)

1.81 (0.83–3.94)

2.24 (1.39–3.63)

0.97 (0.60–1.57)

2.60 (1.21–5.57)

 3

1.08 (0.73–1.59)

1.02 (0.71–1.47)

-

1.38 (0.84–2.26)

1.10 (0.74–1.62)

-

 4 + 

0.94 (0.54–1.63)

1.05 (0.62–1.79)

1.33 (0.62–2.83)

1.00 (0.61–1.63)

1.05 (0.79–1.39)

1.06 (0.58–1.92)

Type of ACE

(Reference: 0—no ACE reported)

      

 Life/health threat

2.67 (0.96–7.45)

0.79 (0.29–2.17)

2.67 (0.49–14.47)

2.62 (0.81–8.55)

0.91 (0.31–2.62)

1.51 (0.15–15.60)

 Life/health threat witness

0.40 (0.05–3.19)

0.61 (0.20–1.84)

2.58 (0.48–13.99)

1.40 (0.15–13.55)

0.52 (0.16–1.70)

1.00 (0.09–10.52)

 Violence victim

3.57 (1.39–9.15)

0.85 (0.31–2.34)

5.71 (1.44–22.68)

4.92 (1.63–14.82)

0.98 (0.34–2.87)

6.31 (1.20–33.21)

 Violence witness

1.63 (0.44–6.06)

1.45 (0.58–3.61)

3.48 (0.63–19.10)

0.71 (0.07–6.76)

1.63 (0.59–4.50)

3.92 (0.59–26.23)

 Death of someone close

2.46 (1.10–5.50)

1.00 (0.50–1.98)

3.23 (0.90–11.56)

2.52 (0.98–6.47)

0.99 (0.46–2.16)

3.07 (0.69–13.57)

 Stressful family problems

6.79 (2.17–21.21)

1.26 (0.64–2.48)

6.79 (2.17–21.21)

5.10 (1.86–14.00)

1.15 (0.52–2.58)

6.00 (1.46–24.65)

 Long separation from parents

3.35 (1.45–7.78)

1.28 (0.60–2.70)

5.85 (1.70–20.19)

3.91 (1.48–10.32)

1.06 (0.44–2.53)

2.96 (0.63–13.83)

 Other unspecified

4.17 (1.20–14.50)

2.78 (1.03–7.51)

3.33 (0.36–31.15)

4.93 (0.96–25.40)

3.62 (1.11–11.79)

2.08 (0.15–28.89)

  1. *Incidence of underweight, overweight, obesity were tested against the reference—normal weight
  2. ACEs adverse childhood experiences, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, bold the relation is statistically significant at the level of < 0.05