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Compulsive exercise among college students: 5-year time trends in prevalence and demographic, substance use, and mental health correlates

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Abstract

Purpose

To provide 5-year time trends in prevalence and demographic, substance use, and mental health correlates of compulsive exercise among a national sample of college men and women.

Methods

We analyzed 4 academic survey years (2016–2020; N = 8251) of the national (USA) Healthy Minds Study. Compulsive exercise was measured by self-report of any occurrence of “compulsive” exercise in the past 4 weeks. Unadjusted prevalence of compulsive exercise in the past 4 weeks was estimated across the 4 survey years by sex. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted among the pooled sample and stratified by sex to estimate the associations between compulsive exercise in the past 4 weeks and demographic, substance use, and mental health correlates.

Results

Among the pooled sample, 11% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.60–12.42%) of men and 17% (95% CI 15.86–18.24%) of women reported compulsive exercise in the past 4 weeks. Prevalence across the 4 survey years remained stable among men and women. Higher body mass index was associated with greater odds of any compulsive exercise in the past 4 weeks among men, while any sports participation was associated with greater odds of any compulsive exercise in the past 4 weeks among women. Compulsive exercise in the past 4 weeks was associated with greater odds of all mental health symptoms and illicit drug use among men and women, and higher odds of alcohol use among women.

Conclusion

Compulsive exercise is relatively common among college men and women and is associated with substance use behaviors and poor mental health symptoms.

Level of Evidence

V, cross-sectional descriptive study

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Availability of data and material

The Healthy Minds Study is available to researchers. Please visit http://healthymindsnetwork.org for more information.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Nicole Lisi for providing research assistance and Samuel Benabou for providing editorial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada

    Kyle T. Ganson

  2. School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia

    Deborah Mitchison

  3. Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia

    Deborah Mitchison

  4. APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

    Rachel F. Rodgers

  5. Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, Montpellier, France

    Rachel F. Rodgers

  6. School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Mitchell L. Cunningham

  7. Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Stuart B. Murray

  8. Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Jason M. Nagata

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  1. Kyle T. Ganson
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Contributions

KTG and JMN conceptualized the study aims and statistical analysis plan. KTG conducted the statistical analysis and wrote a first draft of the manuscript. All authors provided edits and comments on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kyle T. Ganson.

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Healthy Minds Study was approved by the Health Sciences and Behavioral Sciences Institutional Review Board at the University of Michigan and all participating institutions. This study is exempt from research ethics approval given the data are publicly available and unidentifiable.

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Ganson, K.T., Mitchison, D., Rodgers, R.F. et al. Compulsive exercise among college students: 5-year time trends in prevalence and demographic, substance use, and mental health correlates. Eat Weight Disord 27, 717–728 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-021-01210-8

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