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The association between dietary inflammatory index, muscle strength, muscle endurance, and body composition in Iranian adults

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Abstract

Purpose

Dietary factors may modulate inflammation status which contributed to the various chronic diseases like sarcopenia. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association of dietary inflammatory index (DII) and muscle strength (MS), muscle endurance (ME), and body composition.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 270 adults living in Tehran, Iran. The DII was calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Body composition (fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), percent body fat (PBF), skeletal muscle mass (SMM)) was measured using body composition analyzer. Anthropometric measures (weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)), were done. MS was measured by a digital handgrip dynamometer in both right (MSR) and left (MSL) hand. Mean of MSR and MSL was considered as MS.

Results

A significant decrease was found for MS (p < 0.01) and MSR (p < 0.01) across tertiles of DII. Participants who had greater scores of DII also had lower MER (p < 0.01), even after adjustment for confounding factors (age, sex, education status, income, smoking, physical activity, body mass index and energy intake) (p < 0.02). Adherence to DII was significantly related to MSL (p < 0.01), ME (p < 0.01), and ME of the MEL (p = 0.02) in the crude model, which was disappeared after controlling for covariates. Those in the third compared to the lowest tertile of DII, had no significant difference in mean of FFM (p < 0.001), SMM (p < 0.001), and WC (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Higher DII scores were associated with less muscle strength and endurance among Iranian adults. Further studies are needed to confirm the veracity of our results.

Level of evidence

Descriptive cross-sectional study, Level V.

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Availability of data and materials

The datasets generated or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

Not applicable.

Abbreviations

DII:

Dietary inflammatory index

FFM:

Fat-free mass

FM:

Fat mass

PBF:

Percent of body fat

SMM:

Skeletal muscle mass

TF:

Trunk fat

VFL:

Visceral fat level

WC:

Waist circumference

HC:

Hip circumference

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

WHR:

Waist-to-hip ratio

MS:

Muscle strength

MSL:

Muscle strength of left hand

MSR:

Muscle strength of right hand

ME:

Muscle endurance

MEL:

Muscle endurance of left hand

MER:

Muscle endurance of right hand

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Acknowledgements

Authors thanks all those who participated in this study.

Funding

This manuscript has been granted by Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Grant No: 33887).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Shahinfar

  2. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran

    Mahshid Shahavandi, Aliyu Jibril Tijani, Alireza Jafari, Samira Davarzani & Sakineh Shab-Bidar

  3. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Kurosh Djafarian

  4. Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV15FB, UK

    Cain C. T. Clark

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  1. Hossein Shahinfar
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  2. Mahshid Shahavandi
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Contributions

HSH and SSb contributed to conception/design of the research; ATJ and AJ contributed to acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of the data; HSH and MSH drafted the manuscript; KD and CC critically revised the manuscript, and SS-b agrees to be fully accountable for ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sakineh Shab-Bidar.

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Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving research study participants were approved by the ethics committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS.VCR.REC.1396.4085). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects/patients.

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The authors declared no conflict of interest.

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Shahinfar, H., Shahavandi, M., Tijani, A.J. et al. The association between dietary inflammatory index, muscle strength, muscle endurance, and body composition in Iranian adults. Eat Weight Disord 27, 463–472 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-020-01096-y

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