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Factors associated with overweight and obesity in adults using structural equation model: mediation effect of physical activity and dietary pattern

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the indirect effect of risk factors associated with overweight and obesity through physical activity (PA) and dietary pattern (DP), using structural equation model in the adults’ population.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 10,000 adults from baseline data of Ravansar Non Communicable Disease cohort study, in the west region of Iran in 2018. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the causal effects of associated factors on obesity and overweight as the outcome.

Results

In general, the population at higher economic level was significantly more dependent on the healthy DP. The direct effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on overweight and obesity was − 0.070, the indirect effect was 0.127, and the total effect was 0.057. When stratified by gender, in women, SES had a weak direct effect (β = 0.024) and indirectly, through the variables of PA and DP, had a significant effect (β = 0.088) on the outcome. The same situation has been observed in men. That is a weak direct effect of SES (β = 0.070) and a significantly indirect effect, through three variables such as PA, DP, and smoking status, on the outcome.

Conclusion

Factors associated with overweight and obesity not only by direct effect, but also can indirectly and through mediators (such as DP and PA as two important mediation variables) cause this outcome.

Level of evidence

Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

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Acknowledgements

This work was extracted from M.Sc. thesis of Epidemiology of Mitra Darbandi, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

Funding

No specific funding was received from any bodies in the public.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Student Research Committee, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Mitra Darbandi

  2. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Farid Najafi, Yahya Pasdar & Shahab Rezaeian

  3. Cardiovascular Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Farid Najafi

  4. Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Yahya Pasdar

  5. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Shayan Mostafaei

  6. Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Shahab Rezaeian

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  1. Mitra Darbandi
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  2. Farid Najafi
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Correspondence to Shahab Rezaeian.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Informed consent

Informed written consents were obtained from all the candidates who were willing to participate in the study and they were ensured that they could withdraw from the study at any time they wish. The research was registered (No: 97133) at the Research and Technology Deputy and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences under the code, KUMS.REC.1397.092.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Darbandi, M., Najafi, F., Pasdar, Y. et al. Factors associated with overweight and obesity in adults using structural equation model: mediation effect of physical activity and dietary pattern. Eat Weight Disord 25, 1561–1571 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-019-00793-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-019-00793-7

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