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Enhancing hardness in overlapping scanner-based laser area of carbon and tool steel by multi-pin ultrasonic impact peening

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Abstract

The study and prediction of the structure and hardness in the overlapping area during multi-pass laser heat treatment (LHT) is an important issue for the preparation of the technological process and directly affects the choice of the LHT parameters. The scanner-based laser transformation hardening of the AISI 1045 medium carbon steel and AISI D2 high-chromium tool steel was carried out in a continuous mode using a Rofin Sinar FL010 fiber laser and two-dimensional (2D) optical system. The laser multi-tracks with an overlapping scanning beam of 10%, 25%, and 40% were produced. The computer numerical control programs for the scanner-based laser surface hardening of the large-scale metal parts with various overlapping ratios were developed. The experimental results of the overlapping depth and hardness were compared with the heat-affected zone geometry and Vickers hardness measurements. The microstructure in the laser-hardened and laser-tempered areas is studied by optical microscopy. It was revealed that the overlapping ratio should be selected at 20–25% to obtain the overlapping depth of ~ 400 µm for the studied steels. Unlike carbon steel, the required surface hardness is provided in the laser-tempered zone of the tool steel. To increase the surface hardness in the laser-overlapped area, a multi-pin ultrasonic impact treatment was additionally applied. The results indicated that the severe surface plastic deformation provides the required microhardness in the overlapping area for the AISI 1045 carbon steel.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the EWENT Erasmus Mundus program (Grant No. EW/TG2/UPV/EHU/PhD/29/2013) and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Project No. 0119U001167), as well as partially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (Project No. 0122U002389, Project No. 0121U109752) and the Ulam NAWA program (Grant Number BPN/ULM/2021/1/00153).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laser Systems and Advanced Technologies Department, National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, 37 Peremohy ave., Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine

    D. A. Lesyk & V. V. Dzhemelinskyi

  2. Physical Principals for Surface Engineering Department, Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 36 Academician Vernadsky Blvd., Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine

    D. A. Lesyk & B. N. Mordyuk

  3. Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics Department, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 17 Aleja Piastow, 70310, Szczecin, Poland

    D. A. Lesyk

  4. Technical Science Department, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, 19117, Jordan

    W. Alnusirat

  5. Aeronautics Advanced Manufacturing Center, University of the Basque Country, 202 Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48170, Zamudio, Spain

    S. Martinez & A. Lamikiz

  6. Mechanical Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country, Alameda Urquijo S/N, 48013, Bilbao, Spain

    A. Lamikiz

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  1. D. A. Lesyk
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Lesyk, D.A., Alnusirat, W., Martinez, S. et al. Enhancing hardness in overlapping scanner-based laser area of carbon and tool steel by multi-pin ultrasonic impact peening. Lasers Manuf. Mater. Process. 9, 292–311 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40516-022-00178-2

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