Abstract
In this work we investigate the damage induced on a graphene–nickel interface after the exposure to Nd:YAG infrared laser radiation. The damage threshold has been experimentally determined. We observe that once the fluence exceeds the threshold value, both the morphology and the physical–chemical properties of the samples change. This has been verified by scanning probe microscopes measurements and near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy analysis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Singh, R.S., Nalla, V., Chen, W., Wee, A.T.S., Ji, W.: Laser patterning of epitaxial graphene for Schottky junction photodetectors. ACS Nano 7, 5969–5975 (2011)
Trusovas, R., Ratautas, K., Račiukaitis, G., Barkauskas, J., Stankevičiene, I., Niaura, G., Mažeikiene, R.: Reduction of graphite oxide to graphene with laser irradiation. Carbon 52, 574–582 (2013)
Santos, A., Deen, M.J., Marsal, L.F.: Low–cost fabrication technologies for nanostructures: state–of–the–art and potential. Nanotechnology 26(4), 042001 (2015)
Lee, J.M., Lee, J.H., Han, J.H., Yoo, J.B., Lee, J.H., Cho, S., Kwon, S.J., Cho, E.S.: Nd:YVO4 laser ablation of graphene films on glass and poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrates. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 53, 08NL02 (2014)
Sokolov, D.A., Sheppered, K.R., Orlando, T.M.: Formation of graphene features from direct laser-induced reduction of graphite oxide. Chem. Phys. Lett. 21, 2633–2636 (2010)
Zhang, Y.L., Guo, L.G., Xia, H., Chen, Q.D., Feng, J., Sun, H.B.: Photoreduction of graphene oxides: methods, properties, and applications. Adv. Opt. Mater 2, 10–28 (2014)
Trusovas, R., Ratautas, K., Račiukaitis, G., Barkauskas, J., Stankevičiene, I., Niaura, G., Mažeikiene, R.: Reduction of graphite oxide to graphene with laser irradiation. Carbon 52, 574–582 (2013)
Ghadim, E.E., Rashidi, N., Kimiagar, S., Akhavan, O., Manouchehri, F., Ghaderi, E.: Pulsed laser irradiation for environment friendly reduction of graphene oxide suspensions. App. Surf. Sci. 301, 183–188 (2014)
Feng, P., Zhang, N., Wu, H., Zhu, X.: Effect of ambient air on femtosecond laser ablation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. Opt. Lett. 40(1), 17–20 (2014)
Suman, M., Monaco, G., Zuppella, P., Nicolosi, P., Pelizzo, M.G., Ferrari, F., Lucchini, M., Nisoli, M.: Analysis of the damage effect of femtosecond-laser irradiation on extreme ultraviolet Mo/Si multilayer coating. Thin Solid Films 520(6), 2301–2306 (2012)
Juha, L., Haykova, V., Chalupsky, J., Vorlicek, V., Ritucci, A., Reale, A., Zuppella, P., Stormer, M.: Radiation damage to amorphous carbon thin films irradiated by multiple 46.9 nm laser shots below the single-shot damage threshold. J. Appl. Phys. 105(9), 093117 (2009)
Kiisk, V., Kahro, T., Kozlova, J., Matisen, L., Alles, H.: Nanosecond laser treatment of graphene. Appl. Surf. Sci. 276, 133–137 (2013)
Frolov, V.D., Pivovarov, P.A., Zavedeev, E.V., Khomich, A.A., Grigorenko, A.N., Konov, V.I.: Laser–induced local profile transformation of multilayered graphene on a substtrate. Opt. Laser Technol. 69, 34–38 (2015)
Xu, Z., Buehler, J.: Interface structure and mechanics between graphene and metal substrates: a first–principles study. J. Phis.: Condens. Matter 22, 485301 (2010)
Dahal, A., Batzill, M.: Graphene–nickel interfaces: a review. Nanoscale 6, 2548–2562 (2014)
Naletto, G., Pelizzo, M.G., Tondello, G., Nannarone, S., Giglia, A.: The monochromator for the synchrotron radiation beamline X-MOSS at ELETTRA. Proc. SPIE 4145, 105 (2001)
Nannarone, S., Borgatti, F., De Luisa, A., Doyle, B.P., Gazzadi, G.C., Giglia, A., Finetti, P., Mahne, N., Pasquali, L., Pedio, M., Selvaggi, G., Naletto, G., Pelizzo, M.G., Tondello, G.: The BEAR Beamline at ELETTRA. AIP Conf. Proc. 705, 450 (2004)
Gao, W., Huang, R.: Thermomechanics of monolayer graphene: rippling, thermal expansion and elasticity. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 66, 42–58 (2014)
Yoon, D., Son, Y.W., Cheong, H.: Negative thermal expansion coefficient of graphene measured by Raman spectroscopy. Nano Lett. 11, 3227–3231 (2011)
Pop, E., Varshney, V., Roy, A.K.: Thermal properties of graphene: fundamentals and applications. MRS Bull. 37, 1273–1281 (2012)
Pacilé, D., Papagno, M., Rodríguez, A.F., Grioni, M., Papagno, L.: Near–edge x–ray absorption fine–structure investigation of graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 066806 (2008)
Pacilé, D., Meyer, J.C., Fraile Rodríguez, A., Papagno, M., Gómez–Navarro, C., Sundaram, R.S., Burghard, M., Kern, K., Carbone, C., Kaiser, U.: Electronic properties and atomic structure of graphene oxide membranes. Carbon 49, 966–972 (2011)
Watts, B., Thomsen, L., Dastoor, P.C.: Methods in carbon K–edge NEXAFS: experiment and analysis. J. Electron Spectr. Rel Phenom. 151, 105–120 (2006)
Schultz, B.J., Patridge, C.J., Lee, V., Jaye, C., Lysaght, P.S., Smith, C., Barnett, J., Fischer, D.A., Prendergast, D., Banerjee, S.: Imaging local electronic corrugations and doped regions in graphene. Nat. Commun. 2, 372 (2011)
David, L., Feldman, A., Mansfield, E., Lehman, J., Singh, G.: Evaluating the thermal damage resistance of graphene/carbon nanotube hybrid composite coatings. Scientific Rep. 4, 4311 (2013)
Acknowledgments
The NEXAFS measurements were performed at BEAR beamline–ELETTRA Synchrotron Trieste in the frame of the proposal N. 20140398 “GRAphene Oxide PHotoreductIon: properTies at the interfacE (GRAPHITE)” at BEAR beamline–ELETTRA Synchrotron Trieste. The authors thank Prof. S. Nannarone and Dr. A. Giglia for supporting the measurements campaigns.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zuppella, P., Gerlin, F., Corso, A.J. et al. Nd:YAG Laser Damage of Graphene–Nickel Interfaces. Lasers Manuf. Mater. Process. 3, 131–139 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40516-016-0026-7
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40516-016-0026-7