Abstract
This study investigates the dynamic response of RC lined rectangular tunnel in soil subjected to internal blast load. For this purpose, a three-dimensional non-linear finite element model comprising of tunnel lining, reinforcement, and soil is analyzed in Abaqus/Explicit. The behaviors of soil, concrete, and steel are simulated using Drucker-Prager plasticity, concrete damaged plasticity, and Johnson–Cook (J-C) plasticity models, respectively. The effect of various grades of concrete (C30, C40, and C50) and lining thickness (300 mm, 400 mm, and 500 mm) on the dynamic response of the tunnel structure and the surrounding soil is investigated. It is observed from the results that deformations of tunnel lining increase with a decrease in the grade of concrete and decrease with an increase in lining thickness. The results suggest it is advantageous to increase the thickness of the liner for a certain grade of concrete, rather than increasing the grade of concrete for the same liner thickness for better blast response. The vulnerability of the tunnel liner is high at the roof-sidewall junction suggesting the need for better reinforcement detailing.
Data Availability
The models used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Abaqus/Explicit: User’s manual. Dassault Systemes Simulia Corporation (2019)
Chaudhary, R.K., Mishra, S., Matsagar, V.: Vulnerability analysis of tunnel linings under blast loading. Int. J. Protective Struct. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/2041419618789438
Choi, S., Wang, J., Munfakh, G., Dwyre, E.: 3D nonlinear blast model analysis for underground structures. GeoCongress Proc. (2006). https://doi.org/10.1061/40803(187)206
Dhamne, R., Mishra, S., Kumar, A., Rao, K.S.: Numerical study of the cross-sectional shape of shallow tunnels subjected to impact and blast loading. J. Eng. Geol. XLIII, (1 & 2), 23–38 (2018)
Feldgun, V.R., Karinski, Y.S., Yankelevsky, D.Z.: The effect of an explosion in a tunnel on a neighboring buried structure. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 44, 42–55 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.07.006
Goel, M.D., Verma, S., Mandal, J., Panchal, S.: Effect of blast inside tunnel on surrounding soil mass, tunnel lining, and superstructure for varying shapes of tunnels. Underground Space 6, 619–635 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.undsp.2021.01.003
Hafezolghorani, M., Hejazi, F., Vaghei, R., Jaagar, M. B.: Simplified damage plasticity model for concrete. Struct. Eng. Int. 68–78 (2015). https://doi.org/10.2749/101686616X1081
Han, Y., Zhang, L., Yang, X.: Soil-tunnel interaction under medium internal blast loading. Procedia Eng. 143, 403–410 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.051
Higgins, W., Chakraborty, T., Basu, D.: A high strain – rate constitutive model for sand and its application in finite - element analysis of tunnels subjected to blast. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech. 37, 2590–2610 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.2153
Khan, S., Chakraborty, T., Matsagar, V.: Parametric sensitivity analysis and uncertainity quantification for cast iron – lined tunnels embedded in soil and rock under internal blast loading. J. Perform. Construct. Facil. 30 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000920
Li, X., Li, C., Cao, W., Tao, M.: Dynamic stress concentration and energy evolution of deep- buried tunnels under blasting loads. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 104, 131–146 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.02.018
Li, Z., Wu, S., Cheng, Z., Jiang, Y.: Numerical investigation of the dynamic responses and damages of lining subjected to violent gas explosion inside highway tunnels. Shock Vib. 20 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2792043
Liu, H.: Dynamic analysis of subway structures under blast loading. Geotech. Geol. Eng. 27, 699–711 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-009-9269-9
Liu, H.: Soil- structure interaction and failure of cast- iron subway tunnels subjected to medium internal blast loading. J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 26, 691–701 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000292
Lu, S., Zhou, C., Jiang, N.: Damage range caused by terrorist attacks in a double- track tunnel crossing under airport runway. Electron. J. Geotech. Eng. 21 (2016)
Maleki, M., Imani, M.: Active lateral pressure to rigid retaining walls in the presence of an adjacent rock mass. Arab. J. Geosci. 15, 152 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09454-z
Maleki, M., Nabizadeh, A.: Seismic performance of deep excavation restrained by guardian truss- structure system using quasi-static approach. SN Appl. Sci. 3, 417 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04415-9
Maleki, M., Khezri, A., Nosrati, M., Hosseini, S.M.: Seismic amplification factor and dynamic response of soil- nailed walls. Model. Earth. Syst. Environ. 9, 1181–1198 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-022-01543-y
Maleki, M., Hosseini, S.M.: Assessment of the pseudo-static seismic behaviour in the soil nail walls using numerical analysis. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 7 (2022)
Mandal, J., Goel, M. D., Agarwal, A. K.: Dynamic response of underground tunnel in soft soil under surface and subsurface explosion. Pract Period Struct Des Construct 27 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000663
Mussa, M.H., Mutalib, A.A., Hamid, R., Naidu, S.K., Radzi, N.M.: Assessment of damage to an underground box tunnel by a surface explosion. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 66, 64–76 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.04.001
Mussa, M.H., Mutalib, A.A., Hamid, R., Raman, S.N.: Blast damage assessment of symmetrical box-shaped underground tunnel according to peak particle velocity (PPV) and single degree of freedom (SDOF) criteria. Symmetry 10, 158 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10050158
Prasanna, R., Boominathan, A.: Finite-element studies on factors influencing the response of underground tunnels subjected to internal explosion. Int. J. Geomech. 20 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001678
Rahmani, F., Hosseini, S.M., Khezri, A., Maleki, M.: Effect of grid form deep soil mixing on the liquefaction induced foundation settlement using numerical approach. Arab. J. Geosci. 15, 1112 (2022)
Soheyli, M.R., Akhaveissy, A.H., Mirhosseini, S.M.: Large-scale experimental and numerical study of blast acceleration created by close-in buried explosion on underground tunnel lining. Shocks Vib. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8918050
Stolz, A., Ruiz- Ripoll, M.L.: Experimental and computational characterization of dynamic loading and structural resistance of tunnels in blast scenarios. Fire Technol. 52, 1595–1618 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-015-0496-8
Tiwari, R., Chakraborty, T., Matsagar, V.: Dynamic analysis of tunnel in weathered rock subjected to internal blast loading. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 49, 4441–4458 (2016)
Tiwari, R., Chakraborty, T., Matsagar, V.: Dynamic analysis of tunnel in soil subjected to internal blast loading. Geotech. Geol. Eng. 35, 1491–1512 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-017-0189-9
Tiwari, R., Chakraborty, T., Matsagar, V.: Analysis of curved tunnels in soil subjected to internal blast loading. Acta Geotech. 15, 509–528 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-018-0694-x
Tiwari, R., Chakraborty, T., Matsagar, V.: Dynamic analysis of curved tunnels subjected to internal blast loading. Adv. Struct. Eng. 405–415 (2015)
Verma, A.K., Jha, A.K., Mantrala, S., Sitharam, T.G.: Numerical simulation of explosion in twin tunnel system. Geotech. Geol. Eng. 35, 1953–1966 (2017)
Veyera, G. E., Ross, C. A.: High strain rate testing of unsaturated sands using a split Hopkinson pressure bar. Int. Conf. Recent Adv. Geotech. Earthq. Eng. Soil. Dyn. 1 (1995)
Wang, W., Zhang, D., Lu, F., Wang, S.: Experimental study and numerical simulation of the damage mode of a square reinforced concrete slab under close-in explosion. Eng. Fail. Anal. 27, 41–51 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2012.07.010
Wu, C., Lu, Y., Hao, H.: Numerical prediction of blast-induced stress wave from large-scale underground explosion. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech. 28, 93–109 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.328
Yang, Y., Xie, X., Wang, R.: Numerical simulation of dynamic response of operating metro tunnel induced by ground explosion. J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng. 2, 373–384 (2010). https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1235.2010.00373
Yang, G., Wang, G., Lu, W., Zhao, X.: Numerical modelling of surface explosion effects on shallow-buried box culvert behavior during the water diversion. Thin-Walled Struct. 133, 153–168 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2018.09.039
Zaid, M., Sadique, M.R.: Blast resistant behaviour of tunnels in sedimentary rocks. Int. J. Protect. Struct. 12, 1–21 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1177/2041419620951211
Zaid, M., Sadique, M.R.: A simple approximation simulation using Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) simulation in investigating effects of internal blast in rock tunnel. Indian Geotech. J. 51, 1038–1055 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-021-00511-0
Zaid, M., Shah, I.A.: Numerical analysis of Himalayan rock tunnels under static and blast loading. Geotech. Geol. Eng. 39, 5063–5083 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-021-01813-z
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Gulshan Kumar Yadav contributed to the investigation and data curation, and writing the original draft.
Nishant Roy provided the supervision and methodology and contributed to the conceptualization and editing of the draft.
Ravi Kant Mittal reviewed the work and provided suggestions for improvement and editing of the draft.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
Not applicable.
Consent for Publication
Not applicable.
Competing Interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yadav, G.K., Roy, N. & Mittal, R.K. Influence of Grade of Concrete and Lining Thickness on Blast Response of Tunnels. Transp. Infrastruct. Geotech. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-024-00408-4
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-024-00408-4