Abstract
Neglected and underutilized crops such as bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.] are associated with considerable drought tolerance. The objective of this study was to determine variation in the level of drought tolerance among bottle gourd landraces based on photosynthetic efficiency and to identify unique genotypes for breeding. Photosynthetic efficiency of 12 selected bottle gourd landraces were evaluated under controlled environment under drought-stressed (DS) and non-stressed (NS) conditions. A significant genotype × water regime interaction (P < 0.05) was observed for minimum fluorescence (Fm′), maximum quantum efficiency of PS II photochemistry (Fv′/Fm′), the effective quantum efficiency of PS II photochemistry (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching (qP), non-photochemical quenching (qN), linear electron transport rate (LETR), non-cyclic electron transport rate (NCETR), proportion of open PS II reaction centers (1 − qP), photo-inhibition of PS II reaction centers Y (NO), the fraction of photon energy trapped by “open” PS II reaction centers and utilized in PS II photochemistry (P), the portion of the absorbed photon energy that was thermally dissipated (D), rate of photochemistry (RPC) and rate of heat dissipation (RHD) suggesting variation in genotypic response under NS and DS conditions. Principal component analysis under NS and DS conditions identified two principal components (PC’s) which accounted for a total variance of 90 and 96%, respectively. Under DS condition, minimum fluorescence (F0′), Fm′, Fv′/Fm′, qN, NCETR, D, and RHD correlated with PC1 which accounted for 56% of total variation. ΦPSII, qP, LETR, P, RPC and 1 − qP correlated with PC2 which accounted for 40% of total variation. The PC biplot identified landraces BG-27, BG-58 and BG-78 as the most drought tolerant characterized by high values for LETR, qP, P, ΦPSII and RPC under drought stress condition. These landraces could be a useful genetic resource in the development of bottle gourd genotypes with enhanced drought tolerance.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Achigan-Dako, E. G., Fuchs, J., Ahanchede, A., & Blattner, F. R. (2008). Flow cytometric analysis in Lagenaria siceraria (Cucurbitaceae) indicates correlation of genome size with usage types and growing elevation. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 276, 9–19.
Adams, W. W., & Demmig-Adams, B. (1995). The xanthophyll cycle and sustained thermal energy dissipation in Vinca minor and Euonymus kiautschovicus in winter. Plant Cell Environment, 18, 117–127.
Araus, J. L., Amaro, T., Voltas, J., Nakkoul, H., & Nachit, M. M. (1998). Chlorophyll fluorescence as a selection criterion for grain yield in durum wheat under Mediterranean conditions. Field Crops Research, 55, 209–223.
Baker, N. R., & Rosenqvist, E. (2004). Applications of chlorophyll fluorescence can improve crop production strategies: An examination of future possibilities. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55, 1607–1621.
Beevy, S. S., & Kuriachan, P. (1996). Chromosome numbers of South Indian Cucurbitaceae and a note on the cytological evolution in the family. Journal of Cytology and Genetics, 31, 65–71.
Bray, E. A., Bailey-Serres, J., & Weretilnyk, E. (2000). Responses to abiotic stresses. In B. B. Buchanan, W. Gruissem, & R. Jones (Eds.), Biochemistry and molecular biology of plants (pp. 1158–1203). Rockville, MD: American Society of Plant Physiologists.
Calatayud, A., Roca, D., & Martínez, P. F. (2006). Spatial–temporal variations in rose leaves under water stress conditions studied by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 44, 564–573.
Cattivelli, L., Rizza, F., Badeck, F. W., Mazzucotelli, E., Mastrangelo, A. M., Francia, E., et al. (2008). Drought tolerance improvement in crop plants: An integrated view from breeding to genomics. Field Crops Research, 105, 1–14.
Demmig-Adams, B., & Adams, W. W. (1992). Photoprotection and other responses of plants to high light stress. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 43, 599–626.
Demmig-Adams, B., Adams Iii, W. W., Barker, D. H., Logan, B. A., Bowling, D. R., & Verhoeven, A. S. (1996). Using chlorophyll fluorescence to assess the fraction of absorbed light allocated to thermal dissipation of excess excitation. Physiologia Plantarum, 98, 253–264.
Demmig-Adams, B., Winter, K., Kruger, A., & Czygan, F. C. (1988). Zeaxanthin and the heat dissipation of excess light energy in Nerium oleander exposed to a combination of high light and water Stress. Plant Physiology, 87, 17–24.
Genty, B., Briantais, J. M., & Baker, N. R. (1989). The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. Biochemical Biophysica Acta, 990, 87–92.
Genty, B., Harbinson, J., Briantais, J. M., & Baker, N. R. (1990). The relationship between non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and the rate of photosystem 2 photochemistry in leaves. Photosynthetic Research, 25, 249–257.
Ghule, B. V., Ghanti, M. H., Yeole, P. G., & Saoji, A. N. (2007). Diuretic activity of Lagenaria siceraria fruit extracts in rats. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 69, 817–819.
Gorbe, E., & Calatayud, A. (2012). Applications of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technique in horticultural research: A review. Scientia Horticulturae, 138, 24–35.
Guan, S. K., Long, S., Wang, T. C., Turner, T. C., & Li, F. M. (2014). Effect of drought on the gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of six different-era spring wheat cultivars. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 201, 253–266.
Haque, M. M., Hasanuzzaman, M., & Rahman, M. L. (2009). Effect of light intensity on the morphophysiology and yield of bottle gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris). Academic Journal of Plant Sciences, 2, 158–161.
Hazrati, S., Tahmasebi-Sarvestani, Z., Modarres-Sanavy, S. A. M., Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A., & Nicola, S. (2016). Effects of water stress and light intensity on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and pigments of Aloe vera L. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 106, 141–148.
Horton, P., Ruban, A. V., & Walters, R. G. (1996). Regulation of light harvesting in green plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 47, 655–684.
Jeffrey, C. (1976). Cucurbitaceae. In E. Milne-Redhead & R. M. Polhill (Eds.), Flora of tropical East Africa (pp. 1–157). Southwark: Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations.
Lee, J. M. (1994). Cultivation of grafted vegetables I. Current status, grafting methods and benefits. HortScience, 29, 235–239.
Leichenko, R. M., & O’Brien, K. L. (2002). The dynamics of rural vulnerability to global change: The case of Southern Africa. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 7, 1–18.
Li, R. H., Guo, P. G., Michael, B., Stefania, G., & Salvatore, C. (2006). Evaluation of chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters as indicators of drought tolerance in Barley. Agricultural Sciences in China, 5, 751–757.
Lichtenthaler, H. K., & Babani, F. (2000). Detection of photosynthetic activity and water stress by imaging the red chlorophyll fluorescence. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 38, 889–895.
Lu, C., & Zhang, J. (1999). Effect of water stress on photosystem II photochemistry and its thermostability in wheat plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 50, 1199–1206.
Mashilo, J., Shimelis, H., & Odindo, A. (2017). Yield-based selection indices for drought tolerance evaluation in selected bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.] landraces. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science, 67, 43–50.
Maxwell, K., & Johnson, G. N. (2000). Chlorophyll fluorescence-a practical guide. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51, 659–668.
Miller, G., Suzuki, A. D., Ciftci-Yikmaz Sultan, N., & Mittler, R. O. N. (2010). Reactive oxygen species homeostasis and signalling during drought and salinity stresses. Plant, Cell and Environment, 33, 453–467.
Mo, Y., Yang, R., Liu, L., Gu, X., Yang, X., Wang, Y., et al. (2016). Growth, photosynthesis and adaptive responses of wild and domesticated watermelon genotypes to drought stress and subsequent re-watering. Plant Growth Regulation, 79, 229–241.
Pastenes, C., Pimentel, P., & Lillo, J. (2005). Leaf movements and photoinhibition in relation to water stress in field grown beans. Journal of Experimental Botany, 56, 425–433.
Peeva, V., & Cornic, G. (2009). Leaf photosynthesis of Haberlea rhodopensis before and during drought. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 65, 310–318.
Pinnola, A., Dall’Osto, L., Gerotto, C., Morosinotto, T., Bassi, R., & Alboresi, A. (2013). Zeaxanthin binds to light-harvesting complex stress-related protein to enhance non-photochemical quenching in Physcomitrella patens. Plant Cell, 25, 3519–3534.
Samadia, D. K. (2002). Performance of bottle gourd genotypes under hot arid environment. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 59, 167–170.
Santos, M. G., Ribeiro, R. V., Machado, E. C., & Pimentel, C. (2009). Photosynthetic parameters and leaf water potential of five common bean genotypes under mild water deficit. Photosynthetica, 53, 229–236.
Singh, S. K., & Reddy, K. R. (2011). Regulation of photosynthesis, fluorescence, stomatal conductance and water-use efficiency of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) under drought. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 105, 40–50.
Souza, R. P., Machado, E. C., Silva, J. A. B., Lagoa, A. M. M. A., & Silveira, J. A. G. (2004). Photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and some associated metabolic changes in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) during water stress and recovery. Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany, 51, 45–56.
SPSS. (2007). IBM SPSS Statistics 20. New York: IBM Corp.
Takahashi, S., & Badger, M. R. (2011). Photoprotection in plants: A new light on photosystem II damage. Trends in Plant Sciences, 16, 53–60.
Yetisir, H., & Sari, N. (2003). Effect of different rootstock on plant growth, yield and quality of watermelon. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 43, 1269–1274.
Acknowledgements
The College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science of the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) and the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa are acknowledged for financial support of this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mashilo, J., Odindo, A., Shimelis, H. et al. Photosynthetic efficiency of bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.] under drought stress. Ind J Plant Physiol. 23, 293–304 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-018-0377-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-018-0377-5