Abstract
This study addresses problems of graduate’s unemployment by providing directions on how graduates can utilize entrepreneurship for self-reliance through venture creation (VEC) activities. This follows understanding that most governments have implemented the teaching of entrepreneurship education (EDU; learning, inspiration, incubation resource), which is occasioned with entrepreneurial support (ESP) programs, to equip students with entrepreneurial capabilities (ECP) required to carry-out VEC activities. Therefore, the study examined the implication of EDU on VEC through the mediating and moderating roles of ECP and ESP among Nigerian graduates. Conducting the study using the formative approach with 291 survey responses, the result of partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) showed that ECP has a complementary mediating effect on the relationship between EDU and VEC, while the moderating role of ESP in relation to ECP and VEC was found to be negative but significant. Implying not all instances of EDU will result in VEC through ECP because EDU can directly lead to VEC, while the positive effect of ECP on VEC becomes weaker and negative at higher ESP. Limitations of the study were based on design, but future researches considering using control variables or conducting longitudinal survey and extending the population were proposed. The study found support for validating EDU and VEC as reflective-formative second-order constructs, which added theoretical and practical contributions in the EDU and VEC scholarships. Some recommendations were drawn based on findings suggesting intervention agencies to administer effective ESPs, covering both financial, non-financial, and incubation resources needed to strengthened graduate’s VEC activities.
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Data availability
Data used in conducting the study were gathered and acknowledged from published academic materials found relevant to the research.
Abbreviations
- AVE:
-
Average variance extracted
- BOA:
-
Bank of Agriculture
- BOI:
-
Bank of Industry
- CBN:
-
Central Bank of Nigeria
- CR:
-
Composite reliability
- DV:
-
Dependent variable
- ECP:
-
Entrepreneurial capabilities
- EDU:
-
Entrepreneurship education
- ESP:
-
Entrepreneurial support
- FCT:
-
Federal capital territory
- GEF:
-
Graduate Entrepreneurship Fund Program
- IV:
-
Independent variable
- MED:
-
Mediating variable
- MOD:
-
Moderating variable
- NDE:
-
National Directorate of Employment
- NYSC:
-
National Youths Service Corps
- PLS-SEM:
-
Partial least square structural equation modeling
- R&D:
-
Research and development
- SAED:
-
Skills Acquisition and Entrepreneurship Development
- SELF:
-
Self-efficacy
- SMEDAN:
-
Small and Medium Scale Enterprise Development Agency
- SME’s:
-
Small and medium scale enterprises
- SPSS:
-
Statistical Package for Social Sciences
- SCCT:
-
Social cognitive career theory
- UK:
-
United Kingdom
- U.S.:
-
United States
- USA:
-
United States of America
- VEC:
-
Venture creation
- YEDP:
-
Youth Entrepreneurship Development Program
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R. N., Shehu wrote the original draft, collected the data, run the analysis, and interpreted the result. N. H., Ahmad supervised and conceptualized the research idea and reviewed the study.
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Shehu, R.NA., Ahmad, N.H. Entrepreneurship education and graduate’s venture creation activities: roles of entrepreneurial support and entrepreneurial capabilities. J Glob Entrepr Res 13, 3 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40497-023-00344-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40497-023-00344-6