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The Periodontal Microenvironment: a Potential Reservoir for Intestinal Pathobionts in Crohn’s Disease

  • Host Parasite Interactions in Periodontal Disease (C Genco and D Kinane, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Periodontal disease is a common bacteria-initiated inflammatory disease generating alveolar bone destruction around the dentition. Chronic periodontitis leads to the formation of a nutrient-rich periodontal microenvironment where opportunistic pathogens can thrive and flourish. The dissemination of these microbes from the oral cavity to other body sites can initiate or exacerbate disease, especially in susceptible individuals. This brief review will highlight the oral-gut axis and common bacterial etiologies associated with periodontal disease and Crohn’s disease as well as providing a perspective for future studies in this active area of investigation.

Recent Findings

Recent studies have indicated that there is an extensive transmission of oral bacteria along the gastrointestinal tract, suggesting the role of oral microbiota in intestinal pathologies. The presence of oral bacteria in the intestine strongly correlates with the severity of Crohn’s disease, one of the major types of inflammatory bowel disease. Periodontal disease is highly prevalent in Crohn’s disease, and the oral-gut microbiota transmission may be the mechanistic factor linking the two diseases.

Summary

A better understanding of the relationship between periodontal disease and Crohn’s disease may help define new therapeutic targets for the management of Crohn’s disease.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the Sunstar Group for these studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Jiho Sohn

  2. University at Buffalo Microbiome Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Jiho Sohn, Robert J. Genco & Keith L. Kirkwood

  3. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Yijun Sun & Robert J. Genco

  4. Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 645 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY, 14214-8006, USA

    Robert J. Genco & Keith L. Kirkwood

  5. Department of Head & Neck/Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Keith L. Kirkwood

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  1. Jiho Sohn
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Sohn, J., Sun, Y., Genco, R.J. et al. The Periodontal Microenvironment: a Potential Reservoir for Intestinal Pathobionts in Crohn’s Disease. Curr Oral Health Rep 7, 37–44 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40496-020-00251-9

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