Fig. 1

Action of future anti-cancer drugs. a The path of regulated growth through cell division. b Cancer-causing stressors lead to apoptosis evasion and/or senescence evasion. c Present and future drug targets. : Evasion of apoptosis and/or evasion of senescence result in tumor formation as cells seek immortality. : Symptomatic steps targeted with present anti-cancer drugs when cells are already off the trajectory of regulated growth. : upstream step to target in the design of future anti-cancer drugs