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Copy number variation related disease genes

Quantitative Biology volume 6, pages 99–112 (2018)Cite this article

Abstract

Background

One of the most important and challenging issues in biomedicine and genomics is how to identify disease related genes. Datasets from high-throughput biotechnologies have been widely used to overcome this issue from various perspectives, e.g., epigenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics. At the genomic level, copy number variations (CNVs) have been recognized as critical genetic variations, which contribute significantly to genomic diversity. They have been associated with both common and complex diseases, and thus have a large influence on a variety of Mendelian and somatic genetic disorders.

Results

In this review, based on a variety of complex diseases, we give an overview about the critical role of using CNVs for identifying disease related genes, and discuss on details the different high-throughput and sequencing methods applied for CNV detection. Some limitations and challenges concerning CNV are also highlighted.

Conclusions

Reliable detection of CNVs will not only allow discriminating driver mutations for various diseases, but also helps to develop personalized medicine when integrating it with other genomic features.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61602386 and 61332014), the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (No. 2017JQ6008), and the top university visiting foundation for excellent youth scholars of Northwestern Polytechnical University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi′an, 710072, China

    Chaima Aouiche, Xuequn Shang & Bolin Chen

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  1. Chaima Aouiche
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  2. Xuequn Shang
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  3. Bolin Chen
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Correspondence to Xuequn Shang.

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Author summary: In this review, we introduce a type of critical genetic variations at the genomic level, copy number variations (CNVs), which contribute significantly to genomic diversity and have proven to be related with a variety of common and rare complex diseases, phenotypes and genetic syndromes as well. Detecting those CNVs plays important roles in these genetic diseases through: (i) identifying disease related genes, their loci and breakpoints, (ii) allowing discrimination of driver mutation for pathogenesis or diagnosis of complex diseases, and (iii) helping to develop personalized medicines. CNV and its integration with other genomic features will help us understand disease susceptibility and pathogenesis from various perspectives.

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Aouiche, C., Shang, X. & Chen, B. Copy number variation related disease genes. Quant Biol 6, 99–112 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40484-018-0137-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40484-018-0137-6

Keywords

  • CNV
  • disease gene
  • complex disease
  • targeted approach
  • genome-wide approach
  • whole exome sequencing