Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Quantitative assessment of bladder wall vascularity index in children with acute cystitis using superb microvascular imaging

Journal of Ultrasound volume 25, pages 27–33 (2022)Cite this article

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the vascularization index (VI) obtained using color superb microvascular imaging (cSMI) technique in assessment of the anterior urinary bladder wall in pediatric patients with acute cystitis (AC).

Methods

The anterior bladder wall of 157 patients (age range 13–84 months, mean 43.62 ± 17.79 months) whose clinical and laboratory findings were proven of AC and 150 healthy asymptomatic participants (age range 13–84 months, mean 43.88 ± 18.11 months) with normal laboratory values were examined using cSMI. VI measurements were performed by manually drawing the contours of the anterior bladder wall using the free region of interest with 2-dimensional cSMI VI (2DcSMIVI) mode. The quantitative 2DcSMIVI values of the symptomatic group and the asymptomatic group were compared. The correlation between the 2DcSMIVI values and the anterior bladder wall thickness (BWT) were analyzed.

Results

The mean 2DcSMIVI values of the BWT were significantly higher in symptomatic group when compared to the asymptomatic group (p<0.001). AC can be diagnosed with a 93% sensitivity, 92% specificity when 3.25% 2DcSMIVI designated as the cutoff value. There was a significant positive correlation between 2DcSMIVI values and BWT (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Two-dimensional cSMI VI can be used effectively in children as an imaging method in the diagnosis of AC.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Foxman B (2010) The epidemiology of urinary tract infection. Nat Rev Urol 7:653–660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Yeung CK, Sreedhar B, Leung YV et al (2006) Correlation between ultrasonographic bladder measurements and urodynamic findings in children with recurrent urinary tract infection. BJU Int 99:651–655

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Oyaert M, Van Meensel B, Cartuyvels R et al (2018) Laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections: towards a BILULU consensus guideline. J Microbiol Methods 146:92–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Tosif S, Baker A, Oakley E et al (2012) Contamination rates of different urine collection methods for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections in young children: an observational cohort study. J Paediatr Child Health 48:659–664

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Milosevic D, Trkulja V, Turuduic D et al (2013) Ultrasound bladder wall thickness measurement in diagnosis of recurrent urinary tract infections and cystitis cystica in prepubertal girls. J Pediatr Urol 9:1170–1177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Winckworth L, Ayat R (2009) Urethral catheter or suprapubic aspiration to reduce contamination of urine samples in young children? Arch Dis Child 94:736–739

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ramage IJ, Chapman JP, Hollman AS et al (1999) Accuracy of clean-catch urine collection in infancy. J Pediatr 135:765–767

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Walawender L, Hains DS, Schwaderer AL (2019) Diagnosis and imaging of neonatal UTIs. J. Ped Neo 61(2):195–200

    Google Scholar 

  9. Riccabona M (2016) Imaging in childhood urinary tract infection. Radiol Med 121:391–401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Brillantino C, Rossi E, Bifano D et al (2020) An unusual onset of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Ultrasound. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-020-00461-y

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Trinkler F (2005) Ultrasound of the bladder. UroZentrum Zurich, Forchstrasse Zollikkkon Switzerland. Pearson, Boston, pp 371–372

    Google Scholar 

  12. Tullus K (2012) Difficulties in diagnosing urinary tract infections in small children. Pediatr Nephrol 27:509–511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Wettergren B, Jodal U (1990) Spontaneous clearance of asymptomatic bacteriuria in infants. Acta Paediatr Scand 79:300–304

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Oelke M, Hofner K, Jonas U et al (2006) Ultrasound measurement of detrusor wall thickness in healthy adults. Neurourol Urodyn 25:308–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Durmaz MS, Akyürek N, Kara D et al (2019) Quantitative assessment of thyroid gland vascularization with vascularization index using color superb microvascular imaging in pediatric patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis. Ultrasound Q 35:281–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Durmaz MS, Sivri M (2018) Comparison of superb micro-vascular imaging (SMI) and conventional Doppler imaging techniques for evaluating testicular blood flow. J Med Ultrasonics 45:443–452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Arslan S, Karahan AY, Oncu F et al (2018) Diagnostic performance of superb microvascular imaging and other sonographic modalities in the assessment of lateral epicondylosis. J Ultrasound Med 37:585–593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Vreju F, Ciurea M, Roşu A et al (2011) Power Doppler sonography, a non-invasive method of assessment of the synovial inflammation in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Rom J Morphol Embryol 52:637–643

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Volikova AI, Marshall BJ, Yin JMA et al (2019) Structural, biomechanical and hemodynamic assessment of the bladder wall in healthy subjects. Res Rep Urol 11:233–245

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Bayramoglu Z, Kandemirli SG, Caliskan E et al (2018) Assessment of paediatric Hashimoto’s thyroiditis using superb microvascular imaging. Clin Radiol 73:1059

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Karmazyn BK, Alazraki AL, Anupindi SA et al (2017) Expert panel on pediatric imaging: ACR appropriateness criteria, urinary tract infection-child. J Am Coll Radiol 14:362–371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Stephens GM, Akers S, Nguyen H et al (2015) Evaluation and management of urinary tract infections in the school-aged child. Prim Care 42:33–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Tien BYQ, Goh HMS, Chong KKL, Bhaduri-Tagore S et al (2017) Enterococcus faecalis promotes innate immune suppression and polymicrobial catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Infect Immun 85:378–417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Roberts KB, Downs SM, Finnell SM et al (2011) Urinary tract infection: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of the initial UTI in febrile infants and children 2 to 24 months. Pediatrics 128:595–610

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Bekeris LG, Jones BA, Walsh MK et al (2008) Urine culture contamination: a college of American Pathologists Q-Probes study of 127 laboratories. Arch Pathol Lab Med 132(6):913–917

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Kim I-O (ed) (2014) Radiology illustrated: pediatric radiology. Springer, Berlin, pp 793–802

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hata J (2014) Toshiba Medical systems corporation; 2014. Seeing the unseen new techniques in vascular imaging; superb microvascular imaging. Available at: http://www.toshibamedicalsystems.com/library/us/index.html. (Accessed 29 Nov 2017)

  28. Okarska-Napierała M, Wasilewska A, Kuchar E (2017) Urinary tract infection in children: diagnosis, treatment, imaging—comparison of current guidelines. J Pediatr Urol 13:567–573

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Tufano A, Minelli R, Di Lascio G et al (2020) Infected kidney stone progressing to perinephric abscess and thoracic empyema. Arch Ital Urol Androl. https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2020.3.203

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Brillantino C, Rossi E, Minelli R et al (2019) A rare case of renal tumor in children: clear cell sarcoma. G Chir 40(3):217–224

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Tufano A, Minelli R, Rossi E et al (2020) Inferior epigastric artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to port placement during a robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy. J Ultrasound. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-020-00442-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Minella R, Minelli R, Rossi E et al (2020) Gastroesophageal and gastric ultrasound in children: the state of the art. J Ultrasound. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-020-00471-w

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Karaca L, Oral A, Kantarci M et al (2016) Comparison of the superb microvascular imaging technique and the color Doppler techniques for evaluating children’s testicular blood flow. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 20:1947–1953

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Funda Gökgöz Durmaz for providing help in the statistical analysis of the study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Medicine Faculty, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey

    Fatih Ates & Mehmet Sedat Durmaz

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Medicine Faculty, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey

    Alaaddin Yorulmaz

  3. Departments of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan, Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

    Halil Ibrahim Sara

Authors
  1. Fatih Ates
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mehmet Sedat Durmaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alaaddin Yorulmaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Halil Ibrahim Sara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fatih Ates.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there are no financial or other relations that could lead to a conflict of interest.

Ethical statement

This study was approved by the local research ethics committee with the number of 70632468-050.01.04/ in SelcukUniversity/Konya—Turkey and all the parents of children were informed about the examinations and the procedure, and their written consents were obtained before the US examination.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ates, F., Durmaz, M.S., Yorulmaz, A. et al. Quantitative assessment of bladder wall vascularity index in children with acute cystitis using superb microvascular imaging. J Ultrasound 25, 27–33 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-020-00549-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-020-00549-5

Keywords

search

Navigation