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The Genetics of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: a Common Aetiological Basis with Comorbid Disorders?

  • Child and Developmental Psychiatry (M Grados, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics, commonly associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Here, we summarize and discuss evidence pointing to a shared genetic basis among TS, OCD, ADHD and ASD.

Recent Findings

TS has a complex genetic aetiology, with many genes interacting with each other and with environmental factors in order to lead to the onset of symptoms. Only 10–13.5 % of cases can be referred to as pure TS (i.e. tics only); the vast majority of patients present with psychiatric comorbidities (ADHD, OCD, ASD). We review evidence that supports the hypothesis of a shared aetiological background across neurodevelopmental phenotypes.

Summary

This review highlights the importance of thinking across diagnostic categories when attempting to understand the neurobiology of neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Analysing across a spectrum of intermediate phenotypes rather than on ends of a distribution may hold the promise to unravel the aetiology of TS and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the European Union under the FP7-PEOPLE programme (TS-EUROTRAIN, GA no. 316978).

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    1. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Panepistimioupoli, Dragana, Alexandroupoli, Greece

      Iordanis Karagiannidis, Fotis Tsetsos, Shanmukha Sampath Padmanabhuni, John Alexander, Marianthi Georgitsi & Peristera Paschou

    2. Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece

      Marianthi Georgitsi

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    Mr. Iordanis Karagiannidis, Mr. Fotis Tsetsos, Mr. Shanmukha Sampath Padmanabhuni, Mr. John Alexander, Dr. Marianthi Georgitsi and Dr. Peristera Paschou declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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    Iordanis Karagiannidis and Fotis Tsetsos contributed equally to this work.

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    Karagiannidis, I., Tsetsos, F., Padmanabhuni, S.S. et al. The Genetics of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: a Common Aetiological Basis with Comorbid Disorders?. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 3, 218–231 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40473-016-0088-z

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