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Ambient and Traffic-Related Air Pollution Exposures as Novel Risk Factors for Metabolic Dysfunction and Type 2 Diabetes

  • Environmental Epidemiology (F Laden and J Hart, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Diabetes mellitus is a top contributor to the global burden of mortality and disability in adults. There has also been a slow but steady rise in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in youth. The current review summarizes recent findings regarding the impact of increased exposure to air pollutants on the type 2 diabetes epidemic.

Recent Findings

Human and animal studies provide strong evidence that exposures to ambient and traffic-related air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) play an important role in metabolic dysfunction and type 2 diabetes etiology. This work is supported by recent findings that have observed similar effect sizes for increased exposure to air pollutants on clinical measures of risk for type 2 diabetes in children and adults. Further, studies indicate that these effects may be more pronounced among individuals with existing risk factors, including obesity and prediabetes.

Summary

Current epidemiological evidence suggests that increased air pollution exposure contributes to alterations in insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, and beta (β)-cell function. Future work is needed to identify the specific detrimental pollutants that alter glucose metabolism. Additionally, advanced tools and new areas of investigation present unique opportunities to study the underlying mechanisms, including intermediate pathways, that link increased air pollution exposure with type 2 diabetes onset.

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Funding

Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center grant (5P30ES007048) funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (5P01ES011627)

Southern California Children's Environmental Health Center grant funded by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (5P01ES022845-03) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (RD83544101)

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (K99ES027853)

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (K99ES027870)

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (T32ES013678)

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (P50ES026086)

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Author notes

  1. Tanya L. Alderete, Zhanghua Chen and Claudia M. Toledo-Corral contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Tanya L. Alderete, Zhanghua Chen, Claudia M. Toledo-Corral, Zuelma A. Contreras, Jeniffer S. Kim, Rima Habre, Leda Chatzi, Theresa Bastain, Carrie V. Breton & Frank D. Gilliland

  2. Department of Public Health, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Claudia M. Toledo-Corral

  3. Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine of USC, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA

    Frank D. Gilliland

Authors
  1. Tanya L. Alderete
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  2. Zhanghua Chen
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  3. Claudia M. Toledo-Corral
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  4. Zuelma A. Contreras
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  5. Jeniffer S. Kim
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  6. Rima Habre
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  7. Leda Chatzi
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  8. Theresa Bastain
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  9. Carrie V. Breton
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  10. Frank D. Gilliland
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Frank D. Gilliland.

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Conflict of Interest

Tanya L. Alderete, Zhanghua Chen, Claudia Toledo-Corral, Zuelma A. Contreras, and Jennifer S. Kim report grants from NIH outside the submitted work.

Rima Habre, Leda Chatzi, and Frank D. Gilliland declare no conflicts of interest.

Theresa Bastain reports grants from NIH, during the conduct of the study.

Carrie V. Breton reports grants from NIH, outside the submitted work.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Environmental Epidemiology

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Alderete, T.L., Chen, Z., Toledo-Corral, C.M. et al. Ambient and Traffic-Related Air Pollution Exposures as Novel Risk Factors for Metabolic Dysfunction and Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Epidemiol Rep 5, 79–91 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-018-0140-5

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