Abstract
This paper presents a robust formation control scheme for a team of nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots. First, the formation kinematic controller is introduced according to the leader-following strategy, then by employing the dynamic model of the robots, a combination of fractional calculus theories and integral sliding mode control is adopted to provide a robust dynamic control laws for every follower robots to track the leader and accomplish the required formation pattern even in the presence of external disturbances and model uncertainties. Furthermore, the chattering phenomenon is mitigated using a fuzzy logic control. Then, by using the Lyapunov theory, the proposed control scheme’s convergence and stability are demonstrated. Finally, a comparative study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the suggested control strategy.
Similar content being viewed by others
Code Availability
Not applicable.
Data Availability
Not applicable.
References
Nair RR, Karki H, Shukla A et al (2018) Fault-tolerant formation control of nonholonomic robots using fast adaptive gain nonsingular terminal sliding mode control. IEEE Syst J 13(1):1006–1017
Dang AD, La HM, Nguyen T, et al (2019) Formation control for autonomous robots with collision and obstacle avoidance using a rotational and repulsive force—based approach. Int J Adv Robotic Syst 16(3):1729881419847897
Pan Z, Li D, Yang K et al (2019) Multi-robot obstacle avoidance based on the improved artificial potential field and PID adaptive tracking control algorithm. Robotica 37(11):1883–1903
Balch T, Arkin RC (1998) Behavior-based formation control for multirobot teams. IEEE Trans Robot Autom 14(6):926–939
Lawton JR, Beard RW, Young BJ (2003) A decentralized approach to formation maneuvers. IEEE Trans Robot Autom 19(6):933–941
Xu D, Zhang X, Zhu Z, et al (2014) Behavior-based formation control of swarm robots. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014
Lee G, Chwa D (2018) Decentralized behavior-based formation control of multiple robots considering obstacle avoidance. Intel Serv Robot 11(1):127–138
Hacene N, Mendil B (2021) Behavior-based autonomous navigation and formation control of mobile robots in unknown cluttered dynamic environments with dynamic target tracking. Int J Autom Comput 18(5):766–786
Tan KH, Lewis MA (1996) Virtual structures for high-precision cooperative mobile robotic control. In: Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems. IROS’96, IEEE, pp 132–139
Chen L, Baoli M (2015) A nonlinear formation control of wheeled mobile robots with virtual structure approach. In: 2015 34th Chinese control conference (CCC), IEEE, pp 1080–1085
Chen X, Huang F, Zhang Y et al (2020) A novel virtual-structure formation control design for mobile robots with obstacle avoidance. Appl Sci 10(17):5807
Peng Z, Yang S, Wen G et al (2016) Adaptive distributed formation control for multiple nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots. Neurocomputing 173:1485–1494
Han SI (2018) Prescribed consensus and formation error constrained finite-time sliding mode control for multi-agent mobile robot systems. IET Control Theory Appl 12(2):282–290
Wang Z, Wang L, Zhang H, et al (2019) Distributed formation control of nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots subject to longitudinal slippage constraints. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern: Syst
Peng Z, Wen G, Rahmani A et al (2013) Leader-follower formation control of nonholonomic mobile robots based on a bioinspired neurodynamic based approach. Robot Auton Syst 61(9):988–996
Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Lee J (2019) Lyapunov and sliding mode based leader-follower formation control for multiple mobile robots with an augmented distance-angle strategy. Int J Control Autom Syst 17(5):1314–1321
Liang X, Wang H, Liu YH et al (2017) Formation control of nonholonomic mobile robots without position and velocity measurements. IEEE Trans Robot 34(2):434–446
Yang Z, Zhu S, Chen C et al (2020) Leader-follower formation control of nonholonomic mobile robots with bearing-only measurements. J Frankl Inst 357(3):1628–1643
Hirata-Acosta J, Pliego-Jiménez J, Cruz-Hernádez C et al (2021) Leader-follower formation control of wheeled mobile robots without attitude measurements. Appl Sci 11(12):5639
Wu HM, Karkoub M, Hwang CL (2015) Mixed fuzzy sliding-mode tracking with backstepping formation control for multi-nonholonomic mobile robots subject to uncertainties. J Intell Robot Syst 79(1):73–86
Qian D, Tong S, Guo J et al (2015) Leader-follower-based formation control of nonholonomic mobile robots with mismatched uncertainties via integral sliding mode. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part I: J Syst Control Eng 229(6):559–569
Asif M, Khan MJ, Memon AY (2017) Integral terminal sliding mode formation control of non-holonomic robots using leader follower approach. Robotica 35(7):1473–1487
Chen CY, Li THS, Yeh YC et al (2009) Design and implementation of an adaptive sliding-mode dynamic controller for wheeled mobile robots. Mechatronics 19(2):156–166
Xiao H, Li Z, Chen CP (2016) Formation control of leader-follower mobile robots’ systems using model predictive control based on neural-dynamic optimization. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 63(9):5752–5762
Eren T (2012) Formation shape control based on bearing rigidity. Int J Control 85(9):1361–1379
Abdulwahhab OW, Abbas NH (2018) Design and stability analysis of a fractional order state feedback controller for trajectory tracking of a differential drive robot. Int J Control Autom Syst 16(6):2790–2800
Cajo R, Guinaldo M, Fabregas E et al (2021) Distributed formation control for multiagent systems using a fractional-order proportional-integral structure. IEEE Trans Control Syst Technol 29(6):2738–2745
Singhal K, Kumar V, Rana K (2022) Robust trajectory tracking control of non-holonomic wheeled mobile robots using an adaptive fractional order parallel fuzzy PID controller. J Frankl Inst
Oldham K, Spanier J (1974) The Fractional Calculus Theory and Applications of Differentiation and Integration to Arbitrary Order. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Das S (2011) Functional Fractional calculus. Springer, Berlin
Kowdiki KH, Barai RK, Bhattacharya S (2019) Autonomous leader-follower formation control of non-holonomic wheeled mobile robots by incremental path planning and sliding mode augmented tracking control. Int J Syst Control Commun 10(3):191–217
Funding
No funding was received for conducting this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All the authors contributed to this work in terms of programming (Damani), mathematical formulation (Damani,Benselama and Hedjar) and manuscript drafting and editing (Damani,Benselama and Hedjar).
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Damani, A.Y., Benselama, Z.A. & Hedjar, R. Formation control of nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots via fuzzy fractional-order integral sliding mode control. Int. J. Dynam. Control 11, 2273–2284 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-022-01109-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-022-01109-x