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Dynamic analysis of solar powered two-stage dc–dc converter with MPPT and voltage regulation

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Abstract

The renewable energy sources are playing a dominant role in many power generation applications all over the world. Moreover, the solar energy is superior due to its low maintenance cost and cleanliness. However, the solar power generation highly depends on the environmental conditions. This paper explores the utilization of the solar power with the two-stage dc–dc converter specifically designed for distributed grid applications. The proposed power system includes the boost converter in the first stage and the high gain converter in the second stage. The boost converter is implemented with the perturbation & observation and the Sliding Mode Control based Maximum Power Point Tracking control strategies. The second stage high gain converter can fulfill the excellent load and line regulations. The exhaustive MATLAB/Simulink results are presented for both the converters.

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Data availability

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Code availability

Code availability not applicable to this article.

Abbreviations

STC:

Standard test condition

PV:

Photo-voltaic

VMC:

Voltage mode control

FLC:

Fuzzy logic controller

ASL:

Active switched inductor

MPPT:

Maximum power point tracking

MPP:

Maximum power point

HGC:

High gain dc–dc converter

SMC:

Sliding-mode control

INC:

Incremental-conductance

P&O:

Perturb & observe

PI:

Proportional integral

MF:

Membership function

PWM:

Pulse width modulation

TF:

Transfer function

Go :

Solar irradiation, W/m2

q:

Electron charge, C

T:

Temperature, K

Iph, cell :

Solar cell photo current, A

a:

Ideality factor

Rsh :

Shunt resistance, Ω

k:

Boltzmann’s constant, J/K

Rse :

Series resistance, Ω

ns :

Number of solar cells

Ki :

Panel temperature coefficient under STC, %/oK

Iph, SO :

Generated current under standard solar irradiance, A

Icell, PV :

Output current of solar PV cell, A

Vcell, PV :

Output voltage of solar PV cell, V

Is :

Saturation current of diode, A

Irs :

Reverse saturation current of diode, A

IpanelPV :

Output current of PV panel, A

VpanelPV :

Output voltage of PV panel, V

RSE :

Series resistance of PV panel, Ω

RSH :

Shunt resistance of PV panel, Ω

Nseries :

Number of series connected PV modules in an array

Nparallel :

Number of parallel connected PV modules in an array

VarrayPV :

Output voltage of PV array. V

IarrayPV :

Output current of PV array, A

Voc or Vopen circuit :

Open circuit voltage of PV panel, V

Ishort circuit :

Short circuit current of PV panel, A

VT :

Thermal voltage of solar PV cell, V

km :

Material coefficient

keq :

Switching gain of SMC

Eg :

Energy gap, (eV)

D:

Duty cycle

fsw :

Switching frequency, Hz

∆i:

Ripple current, A

∆v:

Ripple voltage, V

R:

Resistance, Ω

L:

Inductance, H

C:

Capacitance, F

ax, bx, cx, dx :

Coefficients

Ax, Bx, Cx, Dx, Ex :

Matrices

G:

Gradient

u:

Control law or signal

S:

Sliding surface

Prated :

Rated or maximum power of PV panel

Vpeak :

Voltage at maximum power of PV panel

Ipeak :

Current at maximum power of PV panel

Kp :

Propotional gain

KI :

Integral gain

Io :

Output current

Vo :

Output voltage

Vin :

Input voltage

e:

Error

∆e:

Change in error

\(\mathop {u(t)}\limits^{ \sim }\) :

Small ac variations in input vector

\(\mathop {d(t)}\limits^{ \sim }\) :

Small ac variations in duty ratio

\(\mathop {x(t)}\limits^{ \sim }\) :

Small ac variations in state vector

\(\mathop {y(t)}\limits^{ \sim }\) :

Small ac variations in output vector

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Funding

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. EEE Department, RVR and JC College of Engineering, Guntur, A.P, India

    Y. Ravindranath Tagore

  2. EEE Department, VLITS, Vadlamudi, A.P, India

    K. Rajani

  3. EEE Department, VNR VJIET, Hyderabad, T. S, India

    K. Anuradha

Authors
  1. Y. Ravindranath Tagore
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  2. K. Rajani
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  3. K. Anuradha
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Contributions

RT.Y and R.K; writing and simulation work, A.K; supervision, review of results and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Y. Ravindranath Tagore.

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Ravindranath Tagore, Y., Rajani, K. & Anuradha, K. Dynamic analysis of solar powered two-stage dc–dc converter with MPPT and voltage regulation. Int. J. Dynam. Control 10, 1745–1759 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-022-00930-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-022-00930-8

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