Abstract
Carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) composites are being widely applied in aviation and aerospace fields for excellent performance. Ultrasonic-assisted drilling (UAD) is a processing method that combines the conventional drilling (CD) with ultrasonic vibration. In this study, comparative experiments were conducted to investigate the drilling of CF/PEEK composites with CD and UAD. The effects on thrust force, machining temperature, the delamination at the exit, surface topography and roughness were analyzed. The experimental results demonstrate that compared with the CD process, the cutting ability of the drill bit in UAD was enhanced. The maximum drilling thrust force was reduced, and the maximum machining temperature was increased in UAD with a maximum decrement and increment of 12.87 and 6.42%, respectively. Meanwhile, the delamination, burr and surface roughness were effectively suppressed, and the surface integrity was improved in UAD. The research in this paper indicates that the UAD process can be used for machining of CF/PEEK composite hole for achieving low damage.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40430-023-04460-y/MediaObjects/40430_2023_4460_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40430-023-04460-y/MediaObjects/40430_2023_4460_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40430-023-04460-y/MediaObjects/40430_2023_4460_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40430-023-04460-y/MediaObjects/40430_2023_4460_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40430-023-04460-y/MediaObjects/40430_2023_4460_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40430-023-04460-y/MediaObjects/40430_2023_4460_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40430-023-04460-y/MediaObjects/40430_2023_4460_Fig7_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40430-023-04460-y/MediaObjects/40430_2023_4460_Fig8_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40430-023-04460-y/MediaObjects/40430_2023_4460_Fig9_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40430-023-04460-y/MediaObjects/40430_2023_4460_Fig10_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40430-023-04460-y/MediaObjects/40430_2023_4460_Fig11_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40430-023-04460-y/MediaObjects/40430_2023_4460_Fig12_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40430-023-04460-y/MediaObjects/40430_2023_4460_Fig13_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40430-023-04460-y/MediaObjects/40430_2023_4460_Fig14_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40430-023-04460-y/MediaObjects/40430_2023_4460_Fig15_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40430-023-04460-y/MediaObjects/40430_2023_4460_Fig16_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Fujihara K, Huang ZM, Ramakrishna S et al (2004) Influence of processing conditions on bending property of continuous carbon fiber reinforced PEEK composites. Compos Sci Technol 64(16):2525–2534
Marck A, Hofmeler M, Dorner G (2007) Effect of hot water immersion on the performance of carbon reinforced unidirectional poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) composites: stress rupture under end-loaded bending. Compos Part A Appl Sci 38(2):407–426
Ge J, Catalanotti G, Falzon BG et al (2022) Towards understanding the hole making performance and chip formation mechanism of thermoplastic carbon fibre/polyetherketoneketone composite. Compos Part B Eng 234:109752
Ge J, Luo M, Zhang DH et al (2023) Temperature field evolution and thermal-mechanical interaction induced damage in drilling of thermoplastic CF/PEKK—a comparative study with thermoset CF/epoxy. J Manuf Process 88:167–183
Meinhard D, Haeger A, Knoblauch V (2021) Drilling induced defects on carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polyamide and their effect on mechanical properties. Compos Struct 256:113138
Persson E, Eriksson I, Zackrisson L (1997) Effects of hole machining defects on strength and fatigue life of composite laminates. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 28:141–151
Yenigun B, Kilickap E (2021) Influence of hole quality on fatigue life of drilled CFRP with the different ply orientation angle. J Braz Soc Mech Sci 43(1):20
Yazman S (2021) The effects of back-up on drilling machinability of filament wound GFRP composite pipes: Mechanical characterization and drilling tests. J Manuf Process 68:1535–1552
Gemi L, Morkavuk S, Koklu U et al (2019) An experimental study on the effects of various drill types on drilling performance of GFRP composite pipes and damage formation. Compos Part B Eng 172:186–194
Magyar G, Geier N (2023) Analysis and modeling of thrust force in drilling of basalt and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP and CFRP) composites. J Braz Soc Mech Sci 45(6):323
Palanikumar K, Srinivasan T, Rajagopal K et al (2016) Thrust force analysis in drilling glass fiber rein-forced/polypropylene (GFR/PP) composites. Mater Manuf Process 31(5):581–586
Palanikumar K, Srinivasan T, Palanikumar K (2020) Measurement and analysis of thrust force and delamination in drilling glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites using different drills. Measurement 149:106973
Mudhukrishnan M, Hariharan P, Palanikumar K et al (2016) Tool materials influence on surface roughness and oversize in machining glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (GFR-PP) composites. Mater Manuf Process 32(9):988–997
Xu WX, Zhang LC (2019) Heat effect on the material removal in the machining of fibre reinforced polymer composites. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 140:1–11
Xu JY, Huang XH, Ji M et al (2020) Drilling characteristics of carbon/epoxy and carbon/polyimide composites. Mater Manuf Process 35(15):1732–1740
Xu JY, Huang XH, Davim JP et al (2020) On the machining behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polyimide and PEEK thermoplastic composites. Polym Compos 41(9):3649–3663
Makhdum F, Phadnis VA, Roy A et al (2014) Effect of ultrasonically-assisted drilling on carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics. J Sound Vib 333(23):5939–5952
Sadek A, Attia MH, Meshreki M et al (2013) Characterization and optimization of vibration-assisted drilling of fibre reinforced epoxy laminates. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 62(1):91–94
Shao ZY, Jiang XG, Geng DX et al (2021) The interface temperature and its influence on surface integrity in ultrasonic-assisted drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks. Compos Struct 266:113803
Chen T, Lu YJ, Wang YS et al (2021) Comparative study on cutting performance of conventional and ultrasonic-assisted bi-directional helical milling of CFRP. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 115(11–12):3701–3711
Liu Y, Li QN, Qi ZC et al (2021) Defect suppression mechanism and experimental study on longitudinal torsional coupled rotary ultrasonic assisted drilling of CFRPs. J Manuf Process 70:177–192
Cong WL, Pei ZJ, Sun X et al (2014) Rotary ultrasonic machining of CFRP: a mechanistic predictive model for cutting force. Ultrasonics 54(2):663–675
Lv DX, Chen MD, Yao YQ et al (2021) High-frequency vibration effects on the hole integrity in rotary ultrasonic drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites. Ultrasonics 115:106448
Wang D, Onawumi PY, Ismail SO et al (2019) Machinability of natural-fibre-reinforced polymer composites: conventional vs ultrasonically-assisted machining. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 119:188–195
Geng DX, Teng YD, Liu YH et al (2019) Experimental study on drilling load and hole quality during rotary ultrasonic helical machining of small-diameter CFRP holes. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 270:195–205
Shard A, Agarwal R, Gupta V et al (2023) Influence of ultrasonic vibrations during drilling of carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetherimide composites. Appl Acoust 202:109163
Abdelkawy A, El-Hofy H (2021) Experimental and statistical study for measurements of surface roughness and hole geometry of ultrasonic-assisted drilling of soda glass. J Braz Soc Mech Sci 43(10):449
Wang Q, Jia XL (2021) Analytical study and experimental investigation on delamination in drilling of CFRP laminates twist drills. Thin Wall Struct 165:107983
Mikhailova N, Onawumi PY, Volkov G et al (2019) Ultrasonically assisted drilling in marble. J Sound Vib 460:1–16
Feng PF, Wang JJ, Zhang JF et al (2017) Drilling induced tearing defects in rotary ultrasonic machining of C/SiC composites. Ceram Int 43(1):791–799
Heidary H, Mehrpouya MA (2019) Effect of backup plate in drilling of composite laminates, analytical and experimental approaches. Thin Wall Struct 136:323–332
Geng DX, Liu YH, Shao ZY et al (2019) Delamination formation, evaluation and suppression during drilling of composite laminates: a review. Compos Struct 216:168–186
Tan W, Falzon BG (2016) Modelling the crush behaviour of thermoplastic composites. Compos Sci Technol 134:57–71
Higuchi R, Okabe T, Yoshimura A et al (2017) Progressive failure under high-velocity impact on composite laminates: experiment and phenomenological mesomodeling. Eng Fract Mech 178:346–361
Chen WC (1997) Some experimental investigations in the drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite laminates. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 37(8):1097–1108
Liu SN, Yang T, Liu C et al (2019) Comprehensive investigation of cutting mechanisms and hole quality in dry drilling woven aramid fiber-reinforced plastic with typical tools. Proc Inst Mech Eng B J Eng Manuf 233(14):2471–2491
Gaitonde VN, Karnik SR, Rubio JC et al (2008) Analysis of parametric influence on delamination in high-speed drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites. J Mater Process Technol 203(1–3):431–438
Cheng H, Gao J, Kafka OL et al (2017) A micro-scale cutting model for UD-CFRP composites with thermo-mechanical coupling. Compos Sci Technol 153:18–31
Wang MX, Yu HD, Xu JK et al (2021) Amplitude effect on micro-hole drilling of 3D needled Cf/SiC by ultrasonic vibration. Ceram Int 47(24):34987–35001
Karatas MA, Motorcu AR, Gokkaya H (2020) Optimization of machining parameters for kerf angle and roundness error in abrasive water jet drilling of CFRP composites with different fiber orientation angles. J Braz Soc Mech Sci 42(4):173
An QL, Cai CY, Cai XJ et al (2019) Experimental investigation on the cutting mechanism and surface generation in orthogonal cutting of UD-CFRP laminates. Compos Struct 230:111441
Qin XD, Wu XZ, Li H et al (2021) Numerical and experimental investigation of orthogonal cutting of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK). Int J Adv Manuf Technol 119:1003–1017
Guo DM, Wen Q, Gao H, Bao YJ (2012) Prediction of the cutting forces generated in the drilling of carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic composites using a twist drill. P I Mech Eng B-J Eng 226:28–42
Funding
This work was supported by Tianjin 131 Research Team of Innovative Talents (No. 201916) and Innovation Project of Engineering Research Center of Integration and Application of Digital Learning Technology (No. 1221007).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.
Additional information
Technical Editor: Izabel Fernanda Machado.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Du, Y., Yang, T. & Liu, C. Comparative study on machining performance of conventional and ultrasonic-assisted drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone composite. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 45, 540 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-023-04460-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-023-04460-y