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A review of dual-fuel combustion mode in spark-ignition engines

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Abstract

The growing pressure to comply with environmental agreements that establish strict limits concerning pollutant emissions in the atmosphere has been stimulating a prominent technological development in the area of ​​internal combustion engines. Recently, advanced combustion modes and the expanding adoption of biofuels are among the most explored aspects to minimize the environmental impact of modern propulsion systems. The dual-fuel combustion mode is a well-known strategy that has been studied since the early 1900s as an effective means for improving the fuel conversion efficiency of compression ignition engines. In recent years, this approach has been extended to spark-ignition engines and has shown promising results related to the combination of fuels normally used in the Otto cycle, with reduced fuel consumption, lower exhaust gaseous emissions and performance improvements. In this sense, the purpose of this article is to provide a concise review of the main state-of-art literature research covering the dual-fuel mode in spark-ignition engines, with special attention to the use of renewable and alternative options to reduce the impact of fossil fuels.

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Abbreviations

BDI:

N-butanol direct-injection

BSFC:

Brake specific fuel consumption

CFD:

Computational fluid dynamics

CH4 :

MethaneCNG: Compressed natural gas

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

COV:

Coefficient of variation

CR:

Compression ratio

DFSI:

Dual-fuel spark-ignition

E10:

Ethanol-gasoline mixture (10% ethanol content)

E27:

Ethanol-gasoline mixture (27% ethanol content)

E30:

Ethanol-gasoline mixture (30% ethanol content)

E85:

Ethanol-gasoline mixture (85% ethanol content)

E100:

Ethanol

EDI:

Ethanol direct-injection

EGR:

Exhaust gas recirculation

GHG:

Greenhouse gas

GPFI:

Gasoline port-fuel injection

GPI:

Gasoline port-injection

H2 :

Hydrogen

HC:

Unburned hydrocarbons

ICE:

Internal combustion engine

IMEP:

Indicated mean effective pressure

ISEC:

Indicated specific energy consumption

LPG:

Liquefied petroleum gas

MBF50:

50% Mass burned fraction

MBT:

Maximum brake torque

NG:

Natural gas

NOX :

Nitrous oxides

PFI:

Port-fuel injection

PMEP:

Pumping mean effective pressure

PN:

Particle number

R&D:

Research and development

ROC:

Research octane number

SI:

Spark-ignition

TDC:

Top dead center

λ:

Lambda factor

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the CTM-UFMG (Centro de Tecnologia da Mobilidade), the LMT-UNIFEI (Laboratório de Máquinas Térmicas) and Fundação de Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa – Fundep Rota 2030/Linha V (Proc. Nº 27192*5) for encouraging research regarding more sustainable internal combustion engines and the use of renewable fuels for future propulsion systems.

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This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Tecnologia da Mobilidade, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CTM-UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, CEP 31270-901

    Augusto César Teixeira Malaquias, Nilton Antonio Diniz Netto & José Guilherme Coelho Baêta

  2. Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (PPGMEC-UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brasil

    Augusto César Teixeira Malaquias, Nilton Antonio Diniz Netto & José Guilherme Coelho Baêta

  3. Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Av. BPS 1303, Itajubá, MG, Brasil, CEP 37500-903

    Roberto Berlini Rodrigues da Costa & Christian Jeremi Rodriguez Coronado

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  1. Augusto César Teixeira Malaquias
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  2. Roberto Berlini Rodrigues da Costa
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  3. Nilton Antonio Diniz Netto
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  4. Christian Jeremi Rodriguez Coronado
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  5. José Guilherme Coelho Baêta
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Correspondence to Augusto César Teixeira Malaquias.

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Malaquias, A.C.T., da Costa, R.B.R., Netto, N.A.D. et al. A review of dual-fuel combustion mode in spark-ignition engines. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 43, 426 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-021-03156-5

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