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A study on wire and arc additive manufacturing of low-carbon steel components: process stability, microstructural and mechanical properties

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Abstract

Among metal-based additive manufacturing, wire and arc additive manufacturing is receiving increasing attention for the production of components with medium to large dimensions. In the current research, the production of low-carbon steel thin-walled components by wire and arc additive manufacturing was addressed. Firstly, the influence of two depositing direction strategies on the wall shape was investigated. Subsequently, the effect of heat input on the shape stability and the microstructure evolution of the walls was studied. The results indicated that the alternating depositing direction strategy was more suited to build thin walls with relatively regular height. The heat input significantly influenced the shape stability, but had slight effects on the microstructure evolution. The microstructure of the walls varied from the top to the bottom regions, leading to a variation in hardness from 157 ± 3.11 to 192 ± 4.30 (HV5). The microstructure of the built thin walls can be distinguished in three regions: The upper region exhibited lamellar structures; the middle region dominantly featured granular structures of ferrites with a small proportion of pearlites, which appear in the boundaries of grains; and the lower region showed a mix of lamellar and equiaxed structures of ferrites. The tensile properties of the built material also exhibited anisotropic characteristics: The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength vary from 320 ± 6 to 362 ± 8 MPa and from 429 ± 8 to 479 ± 7 MPa, respectively.

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Funding

This research is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under Grant Number 107.99-2019.18.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam

    Van Thao Le

  2. Advanced Technology Center, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam

    Van Thao Le, Dinh Si Mai & Quang Huy Hoang

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Contributions

VTL proposed and designed the study. VTL, DSM, and QHH performed the experiments. VTL wrote the manuscript. All authors read, edited, and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Van Thao Le.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Technical Editor: Lincoln Cardoso Brandao.

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Le, V.T., Mai, D.S. & Hoang, Q.H. A study on wire and arc additive manufacturing of low-carbon steel components: process stability, microstructural and mechanical properties. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 42, 480 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-02567-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-02567-0

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