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On dynamic modeling of industrial gas turbines based on low calorific value (LCV) gaseous fuels

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Abstract

Global energy demand is expected to increase in the following two decades. Operational flexibility of power generation systems is a key aspect when assessing potential solutions seeking to help meeting this expected increase in global energy demand. In low calorific value (LCV) gaseous fuels-fired power plants, it is paramount to consider the effects of the employed LCV/lean-gases-based fuels on the associated gas turbine systems and surrounding equipment. Moreover, because of the industrial processes usually occurring upstream these power plants, the fuel supply conditions change significantly during their normal operation. Gas turbines based on LCV gaseous fuels thus present a quite distinct engine behavior, and their modeling is therefore challenging. The dynamic modeling of such engines is the main focus of this work. Accordingly, the gas turbine dynamic model developed here is initially discussed, along with topics, such as gas turbine mass flow rates, cooling systems effectiveness and gas turbine component characteristics, relevant to the dynamic modeling of LCV fuels-based power plants. The use of the developed model for the simulation of an actual combined cycle power plant with cogeneration based on a LCV fuel is next highlighted. The main results show that overall acceptable agreements between computed parameters and actual power plant operating data are obtained. The corresponding average discrepancies range from 1 to 6%. In spite of the large number of factors directly influencing the numerical results obtained from the real-time simulations carried out, the power plant operating data trends are in general well reproduced by the computed results. The obtained results highlight in particular both the model applicability to operating scenarios presenting significant gradients in gas turbine characteristic parameters, and the need of including in the modeling key processes present in power plants actual operation.

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Abbreviations

A :

Area (m2)

a :

Characteristic parameter, constant (−)

b :

Characteristic parameter, constant (−)

Cp:

Specific heat at constant pressure (kJ/kg K)

c :

Characteristic parameter, constant (−)

h :

Specific enthalpy (kJ/kg)

\( \hbar \) :

Heat transfer (film) coefficient (kW/m2K)

I :

Inertia moment (kg m2)

k :

Characteristic parameter, constant (−)

M :

Mass (kg)

\( \dot{m} \) :

Mass flow rate (kg/s)

N :

Rotational speed (rad/s)

N * :

Non-dimensional speed (−)

PR:

Pressure ratio (−)

p :

Pressure (kPa)

\( \dot{Q} \) :

Heat rate (kW)

T :

Temperature (K)

t :

Time (s)

U :

Heat transfer coefficient (kW/m2 K)

u :

Specific Internal energy (kJ/kg)

V :

Volume (m3)

\( \dot{W} \) :

Power (kW)

\( \varGamma \) :

Characteristic parameter (−)

\( \Delta \) :

Delta (change) (−)

\( \varepsilon \) :

Effectiveness (−)

\( \eta \) :

Efficiency (−)

\( \rho \) :

Density (kg/m3)

\( \phi \) :

Equivalence ratio (−)

amb:

Ambient

c :

Cold side

cc:

Combustion chamber

db:

Dry bulb

f:

Fuel, filter

h:

Hot side

i:

Inlet

m:

Metal

o:

Outlet

r:

Reference

s:

Shaft

v:

Valve

wb:

Wet bulb

2:

Combustion chamber entry

3:

Combustion chamber exit

BFG:

Blast furnace gas

BTU:

British thermal unit

FAR:

Fuel-air ratio

HRSG:

Heat recovery steam generator

IGCC:

Integrated gasification combined cycle

IGV:

Inlet guide vane

ISO:

International Organization for Standardization

LCV:

Low calorific value

LHV:

Lower heating value

OEM:

Original equipment manufacturer

TIT:

Turbine inlet temperature

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Section, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima 32, Lima, Peru

    Cesar Celis

  2. Department of Economics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente 225, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22451-900, Brazil

    Gustavo R. S. Pinto

  3. Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Dinâmica dos Fluidos - COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Moniz Aragão 360, Bloco 2, Cidade Universitária UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-594, Brazil

    João P. I. de Souza

  4. GT2 Tecnologia, R. Hélio de Almeida s/n, Sala 38, Cidade Universitária UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-614, Brazil

    Sandro B. Ferreira

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  1. Cesar Celis
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  2. Gustavo R. S. Pinto
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Correspondence to Cesar Celis.

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Technical Editor: Jose A. R. Parise.

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Celis, C., Pinto, G.R.S., de Souza, J.P.I. et al. On dynamic modeling of industrial gas turbines based on low calorific value (LCV) gaseous fuels. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 42, 238 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-02331-4

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