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Numerical investigation of thermal performance augmentation of nanofluid flow in microchannel heat sinks by using of novel nozzle structure: sinusoidal cavities and rectangular ribs

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Abstract

In this paper, we present a numerical simulation of a laminar, steady and Newtonian flow of f-graphene nanoplatelet/water nanofluid in a new microchannel design with factors for increasing heat transfer such as presence of ribs, curves to enable satisfactory fluid mixing and changing fluid course at the inlet and exit sections. The results of this study show that Nusselt number is dependent on nanoparticles concentration, inlet geometry and Reynolds number. As the nanofluid concentration increases from 0 to 0.1% and Reynolds number from 50 to 1000, the Nusselt number enhances nearly up to 3% for increase in fluid concentration and averagely from 15.45 to 54.1 and from 14.5 to 55.9 for geometry with and without rectangular rib, respectively. The presence of ribs in the middle section of microchannel and curves close to hot walls causes a complete mixing of the fluid in different zones. When the nanoparticles concentration is increased, the pressure drop and velocity gradient will become higher. An increased concentration of nanoparticles in contribution with higher Reynolds numbers only increases the fraction factor slightly. (The fraction factor increases nearly 37% and 35% for Re = 50 and 1000, respectively.) The highest uniform temperature distribution can be found in the first zones of fluid in the microchannel and by further movement of fluid toward exit section, because of decreasing difference between surface and fluid temperature, the growth of temperature boundary layer increases and results in non-uniformity in temperature distribution in microchannel and cooling fluid. With decrease in the concentration from 0 to 0.1%, the average outlet temperature and FOM decrease nearby 0.62% and 6.15, respectively.

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Abbreviations

A :

Area (m2)

C p :

Heat capacity (J kg−1 K−1)

D :

Hydraulic diameter (m)

f :

Friction factor

H :

Heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K)

H a :

Depth of the dimple (m)

H f :

Exit sections in horizontal fashion (m)

H s :

Height of microchannel (μm)

k :

Thermal conductivity coefficient (W m−1 K−1)

L a :

Length of the dimple (μm)

L in :

Length of exit (μm)

L t :

Length of microchannel (μm)

Nu :

Nusselt number

P :

Fluid pressure (Pa)

p :

Perimeter (μm)

Pp:

Pumping power (W)

Pr :

Prandtl number

q″:

Surface heat flux (W m−2)

Re :

Reynolds number

T :

Temperature (K)

u, v, w :

Velocity components in x, y and z directions (m s−1)

W f :

Width of inlet (μm)

W s :

Microchannel silicon thickness (μm)

x, y, z :

Cartesian coordinates

Δ :

Difference

α :

Thermal diffusivity (m2 s−1)

μ :

Dynamic viscosity (Pa s)

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

υ :

Kinematics viscosity (m2 s−1)

Ave:

Average

f:

Base fluid (distilled water)

In:

Inlet

m:

Main

Out:

Outlet

S:

Surface

Wt:

Mass fraction

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their special thanks for the provided funding resources by Mohsen Saffari Pour from the National Elite Foundation of Iran and Stiftelsen Axel Hultgerns of Sweden for supporting this research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 424 Hafez Avenue, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran

    Erfan Khodabandeh

  2. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran

    Omid Ali Akbari

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, 84175-119, Iran

    Davood Toghraie

  4. Division of Processes, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden

    Mohsen Saffari Pour, Pär G. Jönsson & Mikael Ersson

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Mohsen Saffari Pour

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  1. Erfan Khodabandeh
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  2. Omid Ali Akbari
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  3. Davood Toghraie
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Correspondence to Davood Toghraie.

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Technical Editor: Daniel Onofre de Almeida Cruz, D.Sc.

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Khodabandeh, E., Akbari, O.A., Toghraie, D. et al. Numerical investigation of thermal performance augmentation of nanofluid flow in microchannel heat sinks by using of novel nozzle structure: sinusoidal cavities and rectangular ribs. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 41, 443 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-019-1952-z

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