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Experimental investigation on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using water emulsified diesel prepared by ultrasonication

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Abstract

Simultaneous reduction of both nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter emission from diesel engines can be done using water emulsified diesel (WED) as fuel. Its uses in CI engines also reduce the emissions of other pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke. In this paper, the authors have investigated experimentally the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine using WED prepared by ultrasonication methods containing 10% of water and compared these with those of pure diesel. WED has been produced by high-energy emulsification method using ultrasonicator. The water particle sizes in the emulsion, polydispersity index, stability, density and viscosity of the WED have been measured for the prepared emulsion. The observations show that the ultrasonication may be considered as an acceptable method for emulsification. The combustion characteristics show that the peak in-cylinder pressure and net heat release rate are higher for WED than those of pure diesel. Longer ignition delay is found for WED than that of neat diesel. However, the combustion duration is shorter. On the other hand, pure diesel and WED are comparable with respect to power, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC). At higher load, increased BTE and decreased neat BSFC were found in case of WED. Emissions of pollutants like NOx and smoke reduce significantly, whereas HC emission increases. No significant difference is observed in CO emission at full-load condition between pure diesel and WED.

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Abbreviations

WED:

Water emulsified diesel

NOx :

Nitrogen oxides

PM:

Particulate matter

HC:

Hydrocarbon

CO:

Carbon monoxide

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

BSFC:

Brake-specific fuel consumption

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

SOx :

Oxides of sulfur

COP21:

Conference of the Paris, twenty-first session

CNG:

Compressed natural gas

CI:

Compression ignition

%:

Percentage

BDC:

Bottom dead center

HSU:

Hartridge smoke unit

µm:

Micrometer

EDAS:

Electronic data acquisition system

IMEP:

Indicated mean effective pressure

BMEP:

Brake mean effective pressure

PDI:

Polydispersity index

RPM:

Revolution per minute

DLS:

Dynamic light scattering

ES:

Emulsion stability

V T :

Volume of emulsion phase before predetermined time

V E :

Volume of emulsion phase after predetermined time

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

DI:

Direct injection

LSW:

Lifshitz–Slyozov and Wagner theory

BTDC:

Before top dead center

HLB:

Hydrophile–lipophile balance

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Higher Education Department, MHRD, Government of India, for the financial support under TEQIP-II for procuring the necessary equipment for carrying out this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nazrul Centenary Polytechnic, Rupnarayanpur, Paschim Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713335, India

    Pijush Kanti Mondal

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, 711103, India

    Bijan Kumar Mandal

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  1. Pijush Kanti Mondal
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Correspondence to Pijush Kanti Mondal.

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Technical Editor: Fernando Marcelo Pereira.

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Mondal, P.K., Mandal, B.K. Experimental investigation on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using water emulsified diesel prepared by ultrasonication. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 40, 510 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-018-1419-7

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