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Acoustic simulation of scattering sound from a more realistic sea surface: consideration of two practical underwater sound sources

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Abstract

A computer program named sea surface acoustic simulator (SSAS) is developed based on an optimized Helmholtz–Kirchhoff–Fresnel method. This software is capable of simulating the scattering properties of incident sound from the sea surface under the combined effect of surface roughness and subsurface bubbles. The scattered sound pressure level, sound intensity and scattering coefficient are some outputs of this simulator under different environmental conditions and source features. Two different sound sources are considered in the current study. In the first case, sound is generated by an explosion and the developed software is validated by CST experiments which use explosive charges as sound sources. Accordingly, one of these explosions is simulated by the program and the resulting scattering coefficient is compared against CST7 experimental data. In the second case, hydrodynamic pressure of a moving submerged object considered as a sound source, is investigated. Hydrodynamic pressure is calculated by COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3 software and the numerical findings are used as input data for the introduced acoustic simulator. Three-dimensional scattered acoustic pressure level (dB) is calculated by SSAS program and presented for both cases.

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Abbreviations

f :

Frequency

ω :

Angular frequency of sound

\({\mathcal{R}}\) :

Reflection coeff. (sea to bubbly water)

\({\mathcal{R}}_{13}\) :

Reflection coeff. (water to air)

k :

Sound wave number

c :

Sound speed

ρ 1 :

Water density

ρ 2 :

Bubbly water density

z :

Bubbly water depth

ρ 3 :

Air density

C 1 :

Sound speed in water

C 2 :

Sound speed in bubbly water

C 3 :

Sound speed in air

R s :

Source location

W:

Wind speed

N :

Bubble population

X:

Position vector

P_Final:

Scattered pressure level (dB)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave, No 424, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran

    Parviz Ghadimi, Alireza Bolghasi & Mohammad A. Feizi Chekab

Authors
  1. Parviz Ghadimi
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  2. Alireza Bolghasi
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  3. Mohammad A. Feizi Chekab
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Correspondence to Parviz Ghadimi.

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Technical Editor: Fernando Alves Rochinha.

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Ghadimi, P., Bolghasi, A. & Feizi Chekab, M.A. Acoustic simulation of scattering sound from a more realistic sea surface: consideration of two practical underwater sound sources. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 38, 773–787 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-014-0285-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-014-0285-1

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