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The use of conventional strain gauges evaluation for measurements of residual stresses in welded joints

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Abstract

Residual stresses (RS) can reach significant values in a welded joint, committing the quality of the parts since they affect their resistance to fatigue causing cracks and corrosion under stress. The use of strain gauges positioned in specific zones of welded parts, as a way of mapping the RS values from the welding processes, has a great technological interest. The method proposed in this paper defines strategic positions for strain gauges along ASTM A36 steel plates in butt-welded joints using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding. Helped by a signal conditioner, RS values were collected and registered after welding process. The results are the readings of RS imposed by the welding operation, taking into account thermal process effects and the material properties. Experimental results were compared with numerical analysis, via Finite Element Method which showed the potential use of strain gauges for measuring RS from the welding process.

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Abbreviations

C :

Specific heat coefficient, J/(kg °C)

GF:

Gauge factor, dimensionless

H :

Heat input, J/mm

i :

Electric current intensity, A

q 0 :

Heat source, J/mm

R :

Electrical resistance, Ω

t :

Thickness of base material, mm

T m :

Plate melting temperature, °C

T 0 :

Initial temperature of the plate, °C

T p :

Temperature peak, °C

V :

Electrical voltage imposed to the weld, V

vs:

Welding speed, mm/s

y :

Distance from the weld bead, mm

ε :

Strain, dimensionless

η :

Coefficient of thermal efficiency, dimensionless

λ :

Thermal conductivity, J/(mm °C)

ρ :

Density of base material, kg/mm3

e:

Relative to elastic strain

m:

Relative to melting temperature

0:

Relative to initial temperature

p:

Relative to plastic strain

T:

Relative to thermal strain

total:

Relative to total strain

x :

Relative to x direction coordinate

y :

Relative to y direction coordinate

z :

Relative to z direction coordinate

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the SENAI Cimatec for technical support in the experiments, FAPEX for financial support to the project research and Tiara Pimentel for their help in the experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil

    Ricardo Rodrigues Magalhães

  2. Departamento de Construção e Estruturas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40210-630, Brazil

    Alberto Borges Vieira Junior

  3. Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brazil

    Sérgio Rodrigues Barra

Authors
  1. Ricardo Rodrigues Magalhães
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  2. Alberto Borges Vieira Junior
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  3. Sérgio Rodrigues Barra
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Correspondence to Ricardo Rodrigues Magalhães.

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Technical Editor: Lavinia Borges.

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Magalhães, R.R., Junior, A.B.V. & Barra, S.R. The use of conventional strain gauges evaluation for measurements of residual stresses in welded joints. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 36, 173–180 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-013-0082-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-013-0082-2

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