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Social Influences on Alcohol Outcome Expectancy Development From Childhood to Young Adulthood: a Narrative Review

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Alcohol outcome expectancies emerge in early childhood, develop throughout adolescence, and predict alcohol outcomes well into adulthood. Social factors shape how expectancies are learned in myriad ways, yet such social learning influences seldom are examined in the context of developmental factors. This review summarized literature on the social origins of alcohol expectancies through vicarious (observational) and experiential (direct) alcohol-related learning from childhood to young adulthood within a social learning framework.

Recent Findings

Young children primarily endorse negative expectancies, which decline rapidly with age amidst escalations in positive expectancies across adolescence. Parents and peers can contribute to vicarious learning about alcohol and facilitate experiential learning in different ways and to varying degrees across development. Media and social media, which children are increasingly exposed to as they mature, often depict alcohol-outcome relations that may further contribute to expectancy development in later adolescence and young adulthood.

Summary

Social influences on alcohol expectancy learning are complex and change over time, although this dynamic complexity typically is not depicted in extant literature. Developmentally informed research capturing co-occurring shifts in social influences and alcohol expectancies is needed.

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This research was supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers K99 AA029728 and T32 AA007583. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

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  1. Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo – The State University of New York, 204 Park Hall, North Campus, Buffalo, NY, 14260-4110, USA

    Michelle J. Zaso, Jennifer P. Read & Craig R. Colder

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Zaso, M.J., Read, J.P. & Colder, C.R. Social Influences on Alcohol Outcome Expectancy Development From Childhood to Young Adulthood: a Narrative Review. Curr Addict Rep 10, 690–701 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-023-00525-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-023-00525-z

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