Abstract
Saccharum spontaneum, S. robustum and S. officinarum are the founding polyploid genomes of the modern varieties of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). The crop is one of the world's major sugar and biomass-producing crops, potential sources of renewable energy. Understanding the genomic relationships among the founding genomes is crucial if we are to develop disease/drought-resistant varieties to counter the threat posed by climate change. Saccharum cytogenetics is a growing field, and significant progress has been achieved particularly in S. spontaneum (x = 8, 2n = 5 – 16x = 40 – 128, commonly 2n = 8x = 64) and S. officinarum (x = 10, 2n = 8x = 80). However, only a few studies on S. robustum (x = 10, 2n = 6 − 20x = 60 − 200) have been conducted, which is thought to be the wild ancestor of S. officinarum, a legitimate species, commonly known as noble cane. Herein, using fluorescent in situ hybridization with centromeric probes we found clear evidence that S. robustum meiosis is regular (2n = 100), exhibiting 50 bivalents, with no univalents or multivalent associations. In addition, using genomic in situ hybridization, we found a close relationship between S. robustum and S. officinarum and divergence from S. spontaneum.
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Funding
This work was funded by the following Brazilian agencies: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, research grant no. 2020/07741-0), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES Finance Code 001 and CAPES PrInt, Programa Institucional de Internacionalização, fellowship awarded to NRS) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico (CNPq, fellowships awarded to NSR and GKO).
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NRS conducted the laboratory experiments, evaluated the results and wrote the draft version of the manuscript. GKO established the protocol for genomic in situ hybridization and collaborated in preparing the images. NRS collected the field samples under the supervision of MAX. SACDS collaborated in the planning of the study. MLCV conceived the study and wrote the final version of the manuscript.
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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The corresponding author, Maria Lucia Carneiro Vieira, is Associate Editor of the Brazilian Journal of Botany and this article was entirely handled by the Editor-in-Chief.
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Soares, N.R., Oliveira, G.K., Xavier, M.A. et al. Relationships among the founding ancestral genomes involved in the origin of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) based on FISH and GISH comparative analysis. Braz. J. Bot 46, 593–597 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-023-00914-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-023-00914-8