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Molecular characterization of genetic diversity and similarity centers of safflower accessions with ISSR markers

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Abstract

Crop genetic resources are vital inputs in crop genetic improvement. In this study, genetic diversity, population structure, and similarity centers for 131 safflower accessions obtained from 28 countries were investigated using 12 ISSR markers. A sum of 201 ISSR bands were obtained among which 188 (93.844%) were found polymorphic. Mean polymorphism information content (0.448) and diversity parameters including mean effective number of alleles (1.655), mean Shannon’s information index (0.557), mean expected heterozygosity (0.354), and mean overall gene diversity (0.377) showed a good level of genetic diversity in the studied safflower materials. Model-based structure, unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means, and principal coordinate analysis clustered all accessions into three main populations; A, B, and C and an unclassified population. Accessions originated from Asian countries like Pakistan and Israel were found most diverse. Three accessions, Pakistan-11, Israel-1, and Pakistan-26, were found most genetically distant and might be used as parental sources for genetic combinations in safflower breeding activities. Analysis of molecular variance revealed highly significant differentiation among the identified populations and population × country combinations. The results presented in this work most probably supported the hypothesis of seven similarity centers of safflower but need to be validated with further confirmed investigations. The information provided herein is expected to be helpful for the scientific community interested in safflower breeding.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) for providing a research fellowship to Fawad Ali under the TUBITAK-2216 fellowship program for international researchers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey

    Fawad Ali, Muhammad Azhar Nadeem, Abdurrahim Yılmaz & Faheem Shehzad Baloch

  2. Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Fawad Ali & Hassan Javed Chaudhary

  3. CREA Research Center for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Bologna, Italy

    Ephrem Habyarimana

  4. Education Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation, 690950

    Muhammad Amjad Nawaz

  5. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Iftikhar Hussain Khalil

  6. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

    Sezai Ercişli

  7. Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam, Republic of Korea

    Gyuhwa Chung

  8. Faculty of Agricultural Science and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Turkey

    Faheem Shehzad Baloch

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  1. Fawad Ali
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  2. Muhammad Azhar Nadeem
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  3. Ephrem Habyarimana
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  4. Abdurrahim Yılmaz
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  9. Hassan Javed Chaudhary
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Contributions

HJC provided experimental materials. FA, MAN, and AY performed experiment and writing of the manuscript. FSB supervised the experiment. MAN, IHK, SE, GC, and HJC performed editing of the manuscript. EH and MAN supervised the molecular analysis and helped in structuring the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hassan Javed Chaudhary or Faheem Shehzad Baloch.

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Ali, F., Nadeem, M.A., Habyarimana, E. et al. Molecular characterization of genetic diversity and similarity centers of safflower accessions with ISSR markers. Braz. J. Bot 43, 109–121 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-019-00574-7

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