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Impact of industrial salt effluent and seaweed liquid fertilizers on three microalgae

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Abstract

Three marine microalgae Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmerman, Dunaliella salina (Dunal) Teod., and Arthrospira platensis (Gomont) Geitler were grown in their respective medium under laboratory conditions. Harvested biomass of all the three algae was grown in salt refinery effluent, to reduce or eliminate the hazardous chemicals for a period of 21, 18, and 20 days, respectively. The initial and final levels of hazardous chemicals (Cu, Zn, P, K, Na, Cl, Fe, F, Mg, SO4 and BOD, COD) in the effluents were analyzed according to APHA and their results were recorded. Heavy metals such as barium, aluminum, silver, strontium, and cadmium were identified by Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Among three microalgae, A. platensis was unable to survive after 3 days due to the presence of harmful chemicals in the effluent. The effect of Seaweed liquid fertilizers (SLF) extracted from Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex P. C. Silva var. tambalang (Doty) and Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Kützing were examined on the two microalgal species except A. platensis. Extracts were added in four different percentages such as 0.4, 0.9, 1.3, and 1.7 % to C. muelleri and D. salina. The changes in the microalgal cells and SLFs were analyzed under confocal microscopy.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Portugal for funding the researcher, Rathinam Raja.

Conflict of interest

Authors do not have any conflict of interest.

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Author notes

  1. Shanmugam Hemaiswarya

    Present address: AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus, Anna University, Chrompet, Chennai, 600 044, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Science Laboratory, Meditbio, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Ed.8, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    Rathinam Raja, Shanmugam Hemaiswarya & Isabel S. Carvalho

  2. Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Alagappa Government Arts and Science College, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, India

    K. Arunkumar

Authors
  1. Rathinam Raja
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  2. Shanmugam Hemaiswarya
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  3. Isabel S. Carvalho
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  4. K. Arunkumar
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shanmugam Hemaiswarya.

Additional information

Rathinam Raja and Shanmugam Hemaiswarya contributed equally to this work.

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Raja, R., Hemaiswarya, S., Carvalho, I.S. et al. Impact of industrial salt effluent and seaweed liquid fertilizers on three microalgae. Braz. J. Bot 38, 547–553 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-015-0170-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-015-0170-x

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