Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to systematically evaluate whether SHS exposure is associated with poor periodontal status in individuals up to 15 years.
Methods
Seven databases were searched by two independent reviewers according to pre-specified eligibility criteria up to November 2021. The methodological quality of included studies was appraised using The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and GRADE was used for assessing the certainty of evidence. Random-effects pairwise meta-analyses compared the periodontal status of those exposed and unexposed to SHS through standardized mean differences (SMDs) and associated confidence intervals (95% CI).
Results
Eight cross-sectional studies were eligible for inclusion and two present high methodological quality. All studies contributed to the meta-analysis for gingival index scores (GI) and four for probing pocket depth (PPD). Those exposed exhibited significantly higher levels of GI compared to unexposed (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI 0.17–1.89), but no difference was observed for PPD (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI − 0.14–0.82), with overall very low certainty on evidence.
Conclusion
Therefore, very low certainty evidence supports that children and adolescents exposed to SHS possibly present poorer periodontal status due to higher levels of GI.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for the support by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq (Grant number: 160262/2020-8).
Funding
This study was partially supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq (Grant number: 160262/2020–8).
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All authors gave final approval and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of work ensuring integrity and accuracy. LMO contributed to design, search and selection, analysis and interpretation, drafted the manuscript; MDMO contributed to design, search and selection, analysis and interpretation, and critically revised the manuscript; TMA contributed to conception and design, analysis and interpretation, and critically revised the manuscript; FBZ contributed to conception and design, analysis and interpretation, and critically revised the manuscript.
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Oliveira, L.M., Oliveira, M.D.M., Ardenghi, T.M. et al. Is secondhand smoke exposure associated with poor periodontal status in children and adolescents? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 23, 513–525 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-022-00709-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-022-00709-7